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Fertilizer leaking out of a storage tank is not just a safety hazard, it is also an expensive problem. This makes selecting a fertilizer storage tank so important, whether you’re a fertilizer dealer handling bulk storage or a farmer looking for on-farm solutions, the right material, size, and shape counts.

For decades, Dultmeier Sales has been helping fertilizer retailers and farmers with fertilizer storage and this has gained us valuable insights. In this post, we’ll use this knowledge to cover the different types of liquid fertilizer storage tanks—polyethylene, fiberglass, steel, and stainless steel—and the pros and cons of each. We’ll also go over the different sizes and shapes, examining which ones work best for what.

Selecting a Liquid Fertilizer Storage Tank

No matter what type of fertilizer there are two crucial things to consider up front. First is the compatibility of the fertilizer with the tank material. Second is the weight of the fertilizer. 

1. Compatibility of Fertilizer with Tank Material

Different fertilizers have varying properties that can interact differently with different tank materials. For instance, some micronutrient formulations can have pH levels (extremely low or high), which may not be compatible with certain tank materials. 

See also: Chemical Compatibility Charts

2. Weight of the Fertilizer

Liquid fertilizers are denser than water, and their weight can vary depending on their composition. For example, Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) solutions can have densities up to around 11 pounds per gallon. It’s crucial to ensure that the selected tank can support the weight of the fertilizer, especially when dealing with large volumes. 

By carefully considering both the chemical compatibility and the weight of the fertilizer, you can select a storage tank that ensures safety and longevity in your fertilizer storage solutions.

Other Factors to Consider

Beyond fertilizer compatibility and weight, there are several other key factors to consider when selecting a liquid fertilizer storage tank:

• Tank Location & Installation: ensure that tank outlets and tie-downs are not interfering with other tanks, pipes, etc.
• Venting & Pressure Management: Proper venting aids filling and unloading
• Mixing & Agitation: Suspension fertilizers may settle, requiring built-in agitation
• Filling & Dispensing: Ensure easy loading/unloading for nurse trailers or sprayers.
• Regulatory Compliance: Ensure you are aware of all guidelines you may be subject to
• Future Expansion: Tank layout and location should make any expansion simple to add (if possible). 

Best Storage Tank Options for Liquid Fertilizer

Tank material is the primary attribute that separates different tank options. Material affects the lifespan, cost, compatibility, repairability, installation, temperature rating, and more. 

Steel Tanks

Steel tanks are often used to store large quantities of fertilizer. They are typically made to order and typically used to store large volumes, 30,000 gallons or more. Their durability makes them a reliable choice, however, there are some drawbacks. Here are the keys to consider:

Advantages of Steel Tanks for Fertilizer

• Durability & Strength – Steel tanks are highly durable and can withstand physical impacts better than plastic or fiberglass.
• Long Lifespan – With proper maintenance, steel tanks can last 20+ years, making them a solid long-term investment.
• Fire Resistance - Steel does not melt and is not going to warp under higher temps.
• High Capacity Options – Steel tanks can be custom-built in large sizes (30,000+ gallons), making them ideal for bulk fertilizer storage.
• Repairable - Steel can be welded, patched, and painted as needed. 
• Resale Value – Steel tanks hold some resale value and can be scrapped or repurposed if no longer needed.

Disadvantages of Steel Tanks for Fertilizer

• Corrosion Risk – Steel is prone to rust and corrosion, especially with certain fertilizers (UAN solutions, ammonium nitrate). Requires protective coatings or linings to prevent deterioration.
• Higher Cost – Initial purchase and installation costs are typically higher compared to polyethylene or fiberglass tanks.
• Upkeep – Welded seams and fittings can develop leaks over time, requiring maintenance and inspection.
• Compatibility – Some highly corrosive fertilizers may still degrade lined steel tanks over time.
• Lead time - Steel tanks are typically made to order and not readily available due to the potential custom nature of each order.

Steel tanks can be equipped with several fittings and features at the factory including sight gauges, vents, manways, lift lugs, fill/outlet fittings, etc. Contact us to get a quote and shipping estimate on a steel storage tanks. 

Steel Tanks Manufactured by:

• KBK Industries
• Palmer Mfg.

Fiberglass Tanks

Storing fertilizer in fiberglass tanks is a very practical choice. They are available in sizes ranging from about 8000 gallons up to 30,000 gallons. Typically, these tanks have a 12 ft diameter and a height ranging from 10 - 35 ft. 

Advantages of Fiberglass Tanks for Fertilizer

• Corrosion Resistance - Excellent resistance to corrosion, suitable for a wide range of chemicals. Special resins available to handle certain chemicals and fertilizers.
• Lightweight - Easier to handle and install compared to steel tanks.
• Lifespan – Can last longer than steel if properly maintained. UV coatings can be reapplied to increase lifespan. 
• Durability - Long lifespan with proper maintenance.

Disadvantages of Fiberglass for Fertilizer

• Cost - Generally more expensive than polyethylene tanks.
• Susceptibility to Damage - Can be prone to impact damage if not handled carefully. Prone to puncture or cracks if impacted by equipment.
• Difficult to Repair - Fixing damage will require specialized training
• Availability - Like steel, tanks are custom made to order and not readily available

Fiberglass tanks are also made to your specs at the factory ensuring they fit your location and can handle the liquid to be stored. Available options include: sight gauges, lift lugs, vents, manways, flanged outlets, re-circulation packages, etc. Call us for a quote on a fiberglass fertilizer storage tank. 

Fiberglass Tanks Manufactured by:

• KBK Industries
• Palmer Mfg.
  
  

Polyethylene Tanks

Polyethylene or “poly” tanks are a versatile option for fertilizer storage. They come in the widest range of sizes and shapes to suit a wide range of needs. Typically used for sprayer, nurse trailers, tender trailers, and cone bottom inductor tanks, poly tanks are also used for bulk liquid fertilizer storage.

Polyethylene has excellent compatibility with a wide variety of fertilizers, and although they are not as durable as steel or stainless, they can be made to store heavy liquids (14lbs/gal or more if needed) such as 10-34-0. Be sure to confirm that a tank has a Specific Gravity rating that will handle the fertilizer you want to house. 

Advantages of Poly Tanks with Fertilizer

• Corrosion Resistance - Highly resistant to a variety of chemicals, making them suitable for storing fertilizers.
• Lightweight - Easier to transport and install due to their reduced weight.
• Cost-Effective - Generally more affordable compared to other materials.
• Availability - Poly tanks are made in standard sizes and can be found in stock. (Dultmeier keeps several tank sizes in stock, we can get tanks that are not in stock, typically in 4-12 weeks depending on the tank)

Disadvantages of Poly Tanks with Fertilizer

• Temperature Sensitivity - Can become brittle in extremely cold temperatures and may deform under high heat.
• Limited Lifespan - Typically have a shorter lifespan compared to steel or fiberglass tanks.
• Limited Size - The manufacturing process of poly tanks is limited in size, typically 20,000 gallons is the largest poly tank that is available. 

At Dultmeier Sales we offer a variety of polyethylene tanks suitable for fertilizer storage supplied from Ace Roto Mold, Snyder, and Norwesco. Poly tanks can be custom built but typically, the tanks are made in standard configurations and more readily available. 

You can contact us to find the available poly tank options that are able to store fertilizers.

Stainless Steel 

A stainless tank is hard to beat for liquid fertilizer storage, compatibility, strength, and lifespan are really unmatched by other tanks, however, this comes at a cost. Here are the pros and cons of stainless steel tanks for fertilizer storage:

Advantages of Stainless Steel Tanks for Fertilizer Storage

• Durability: Highly durable and resistant to corrosion, ideal for long-term storage.
• Strength: Can withstand high pressures and extreme temperatures.
• Hygiene: Easy to clean and does not support bacterial growth.

Disadvantages of Stainless Steel Tanks for Fertilizer Storage

• Cost: Significantly more expensive than other materials.
• Weight: Heavier, which can increase transportation and installation costs.

We supply stainless steel tanks manufactured by Precision Tank and Meridian Mfg. Whether you need a nurse tank, weight tank, or cone bottom storage tank, we can provide you a quote with the appropriate accessories to fit your truck, trailer, or building site.   

Tank Size

Liquid fertilizer storage tanks are available in a range of sizes, typically from 1,000 to 30,000 gallons and beyond. The appropriate size depends on your storage requirements and application. 

Tank Shape

Flat Bottom Tanks

Advantages

• Cost-Effective: Generally less expensive due to simpler design.
• Ease of Installation: Can be placed on various surfaces like concrete or gravel.

Disadvantages

• Incomplete Drainage: May retain some liquid at the bottom, which can be problematic for certain applications.

Cone Bottom Tanks 

Advantages:

• Complete Drainage: Allows for total evacuation of contents, reducing residue.
• Ideal for Mixing: Beneficial when the complete drainage of mixed solutions is necessary.

Disadvantages:

• Additional Equipment: Requires a stand and possibly more complex installation.
• Higher Cost: Generally more expensive due to design and additional components.

Horizontal Tanks

Advantages:

• Stability: Lower center of gravity provides stability during transport.
• Space Efficiency: Can be mounted on trailers or trucks for mobility.

Disadvantages:

• Limited Capacity: Typically smaller in size compared to vertical tanks.

Best Fertilizer Tanks for Various Applications

Fertilizer Dealer/Terminal Storage:

• Recommended Materials: Stainless steel or fiberglass for durability and corrosion resistance.
• Tank Shapes: Flat bottom tanks for large-volume storage; cone bottom tanks if complete drainage is necessary.
• Sizes: Larger tanks, ranging from 10,000 to 30,000 gallons

Bulk Storage on Farms:

• Recommended Materials: Polyethylene for cost-effectiveness and versatility; fiberglass for enhanced durability.
• Tank Shapes: Flat bottom tanks for stationary storage; Cone bottom tanks for mixing and complete cleanout.
• Sizes: Typically between 1,000 to 5,000 gallons, based on farm size and usage. Larger sizes available.

Nurse Trailers:

• Recommended Materials: Polyethylene due to its lightweight nature. Stainless for easy clean out and durability
• Tank Shapes: Horizontal tanks and elliptical leg tanks

Sizes: Generally 1,000 to 4250 gallons

Making the Right Choice

Dultmeier Sales can help you to find the best tank for your operation. Simply provide the necessary details about the liquid you want to store and we can help you through the process. Call us today for more information!

Sprayer nozzles are the heart of precision application, driving a global market projected to hit $4.15 billion by 2034, with agriculture accounting for a significant share of that demand. TeeJet is at the forefront with innovative nozzles to maximize coverage and reduce drift. 

Here at Dultmeier Sales, we want to provide the latest Teejet nozzle offerings to meet the changing needs of our customers. We strive to accomplish this by keeping a wide selection in stock and offering expert help in selecting the best nozzle for your application.

In this guide, we will examine the various TeeJet spray nozzles. We will look at the unique attributes of each type, explaining the differences, and also show you which applications each nozzle is best suited to handle.

Explaining the TeeJet Spray Nozzles Options

With so many different options, selecting a Teejet nozzle is a bit overwhelming. After all, on the surface, they all seem so similar but the pattern and droplet size they produce makes a huge difference. 

Let’s look at the most popular TeeJet nozzles for boom sprayers and boil down all the technical design features into the bottom line for each type and when you should use them.  

It should be noted that we will discuss droplet size quite often in this guide. If you want a quick explanation, be sure to read this article on spray nozzle droplet size and how it is classified. 

TeeJet® Extended Range Spray Tips - XR & XRC

The XR TeeJet® nozzle is the go-to solution for growers who want fine droplets and spray at lower speeds (approx 8 mph or lower). These tips offer great coverage at low pressure (15-30 PSI range) where drift is minimized. 

While the coverage is excellent, the drift potential does increase as you speed up and increase pressure. For self-propelled sprayers and higher speeds, see the air-inducted nozzle options below. 

Key Specifications

• Spray Pattern: Wide angle flat fan
• Spray Angle: 110°
• Droplet Size: Fine (F) to Medium (M)
• Pressure Range: 15–60 PSI
• Material Options: Polymer (VP) or Ceramic (VK)

Recommended Applications

• Best for applications requiring thorough coverage but with low drift concern
• Best for spraying at lower speeds (less than 10mph)

We have XR tip only and the full XRC nozzle assembly in stock. 

Turbo TeeJet® Spray Tip - TT

The Turbo TeeJet® (TT) nozzle is a long-time workhorse known for its versatility and fine spray coverage. Farmers appreciate its uniform spray coverage and resistance to clogging, making it an ideal all-purpose choice for broadcast applications. The 15° downward angle enhances canopy penetration, while the large internal passage minimizes plugging, reducing downtime in the field.

The droplet sizes produced by the Turbo TeeJet are finer than most other nozzle types. Producing only a slightly larger range of droplets than the XR series, this means excellent coverage but potential drift concerns, especially at higher pressures or when spraying at higher speeds. 

Key Specifications

• Spray Pattern: Wide angle flat fan
• Spray Angle: 110 Degree
• Droplet Size: Medium (M) to Coarse (C)
• Pressure Range: 15–90 PSI
• Material Options: Polymer (VP) or Ceramic (VK)

Recommended Applications

• Suitable for PWM 
• Applications needing fine droplets but have little drift concern such as insecticides and fungicides.

Available as TT Tip only or full Turbo TeeJet Nozzle/Cap Assembly

Air Induction Extended Range Spray - AIXR 

The AIXR TeeJet® nozzle is a favorite for balancing drift control and coverage quality. Using Venturi air-induction technology, it produces larger droplets than the XR/XRC and TT  nozzles. Reducing drift while maintaining effective herbicide contact across a greater range of speeds and pressures. 

Key Specifications

• Spray Pattern: Wide angle flat fan
• Spray Angle: 110°
• Droplet Size: Coarse (C) to Extremely Coarse (XC)
• Pressure Range: 15–90 PSI
• Material Options: Polymer (VP) or Ceramic (VK)

Recommended Applications

• A better option if you like the XR tip but want to travel at higher speeds

Available as tip only or full tip/cap/gasket assembly. 

AI TeeJet® Air Induction Spray Tip

The AI TeeJet® nozzle is built for drift-sensitive applications. It produces a range of coarser droplets than the XR, TT, and even the AIXR. This significantly minimizes drift while still providing consistent coverage. 

Despite the larger droplet size, the coverage is still good because the droplets offer good penetration and explode into smaller droplets when they impact the ground or plant surface. This nozzle is an excellent choice for self-propelled sprayers. While the XR and TT nozzles offer great coverage at low speed, they are more easily blown off target at higher speeds so despite the larger droplets of the AI TeeJet, the coverage is still better because more droplets reach the intended target. 

Key Specifications

• Spray Pattern: Wide angle flat fan
• Spray Angle: 110° or 80°
• Droplet Size: Extremely Coarse (XC) to Ultra Coarse (UC)
• Pressure Range: 30–115 PSI
• Material Options: Stainless Steel, Polymer Insert

Recommended Applications

• Use in applications when you need drift control but want to maintain effective coverage on plant surfaces as well as canopy penetration

Available as tip only or as a complete one-piece tip/cap/gasket. 

Turbo TeeJet Induction® Spray Tip TTI

The Turbo TeeJet Induction® tip offers the largest droplet size range from a flat fan TeeJet nozzle. Offering ultra-coarse droplet sizes at a wide range of operating pressures it is suited for applications requiring the highest level of drift reduction.                                              

This nozzle is approved for Monsanto XtendiMax, DuPont FeXapan 20-63 PSI, BASF Engenia, Enlist DUO, and Enlist One max*.   

Key Specifications

• Spray Pattern: Wide angle flat fan
• Spray Angle: 110°
• Droplet Size: Ultra Coarse (UC)
• Pressure Range: 15–100 PSI
• Material Options: Polymer (VP) or Ceramic (VK)
• Cap Compatibility: Quick TeeJet® Cap System

Recommended Applications

• Use TTI for applications requiring the highest level of drift control but still need a flat fan nozzle.
• This tip is currently approved for Monsanto XtendiMax, DuPont FeXapan 20-63 PSI, BASF Engenia, Enlist DUO, and Enlist One max.   

Available as tip only or as a complete one-piece tip/cap/gasket. 

Turbo TwinJet® Spray Tip TTJ60 

The Turbo TwinJet® nozzle is designed for maximum leaf coverage, featuring two spray fans angled 60° apart for multi-directional coverage. When coverage is critical the twin pattern improves canopy penetration, ensuring spray reaches both sides of leaves and dense foliage.

Producing medium to coarse-size droplets, the Turbo TwinJet is a nozzle that is hard to beat when it comes to thoroughly covering plant surfaces. It is best suited for lower-speed sprayers, for self-propelled sprayers traveling at higher speeds look to the air-inducted twin fan nozzles below.  

*One key to note is the volume per minute flow produced by a dual fan nozzle is the same as the single fan nozzle of the same color. In dual fan nozzles, the flow is evenly distributed between each fan. 

Key Specifications

• Spray Pattern: Twin flat fan
• Spray Angle: 110°
• Droplet Size: Medium (M) to Coarse (C)
• Pressure Range: 20–90 PSI
• Material Options: Polymer (VP)

Recommended Applications

• Similar uses to the standard TT but with the added benefit of more thorough canopy penetration.

Available as tip only or as a complete one-piece tip/cap/gasket. 

AI Turbo TwinJet® Spray Tip - AITTJ60 

The AITTJ60 combines air induction drift reduction with a dual spray pattern for optimal coverage and canopy penetration. The air-induction design creates larger droplets that are more drift-resistant, while the dual spray fans enhance leaf coverage from multiple angles. Simply put, because of the dual fan this nozzle is better suited for post-emergence applications than other single flat fan nozzles that produce similar droplet size ranges.

Key Specifications

• Spray Pattern: Twin flat fan
• Spray Angle: 110°
• Droplet Size: Coarse (C) to Ultra Coarse (UC)
• Pressure Range: 20-90 PSI
• Material Options: Polymer (VP)

Recommended Applications

• Post-emerge applications when you need to penetrate a dense canopy and need moderate drift reduction when traveling at higher speeds, roughly 9-10 mph or more. Increased spray speed is basically adding more “wind” speed and wind can drastically increase drift.

Find Your Size: The AITTJ60 is available as a tip only or a complete tip/cap/gasket assembly. 

TTI TwinJet® Spray Tip – Maximum Drift Control with Twin Pattern Coverage

The TTI TwinJet® nozzle combines the ultra-coarse drift-reducing droplets of the TTI with the superior coverage of a twin fan spray pattern. This nozzle provides the droplet size required for Dicamba applications including Engenia®, Tavium®, and XtendiMax® Herbicides.

Key Specifications

• Spray Pattern: Twin flat fan
• Spray Angle: 110°
• Droplet Size: Ultra Coarse (UC)
• Pressure Range: 20–100 PSI
• Material Options: Polymer (VP)

Recommended Applications

• Systemic Herbicides (Dicamba, 2,4-D) 
• Extremely Drift-Sensitive Applications 
• If you need the drift reduction offered by the TTI nozzle but want more canopy penetration and leaf coverage, the TTI TwinJet® is ideal. 

You can find your TTI TwinJet® nozzle size here.

AccuPulse® TwinJet® Spray Tip - APTJ

The AccuPulse® TwinJet® nozzle is specifically engineered for PWM sprayers. This innovative nozzle offers extremely Coarse (XC) to ultra Coarse (UC) droplets without the use of air induction. Its design ensures consistent flow, even under variable application rates associated with PWM setups, but the nozzle can also be used with non-PWM systems. 

The twin spray fans improve canopy coverage, making it an excellent choice for a very wide range of both pre and post-applications. 

Key Specifications

• Spray Pattern: Twin flat fan
• Spray Angle: 110°
• Droplet Size: Extremely Coarse (XC) to Ultra Coarse (UC)
• Pressure Range: 20–100 PSI
• Material Options: Polymer (VP)
• Designed for: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) sprayers

Recommended Applications

• PWM Spraying Systems
• Applications where you need as much drift reduction as possible from a flat fan nozzle.

Find your AccuPulse Nozzle here!

Have Questions? 

If you need any assistance selecting a nozzle please give us a call. While we can tell you what nozzle to use, we can tell you what TeeJet nozzle will provide you with the droplet size and coverage that best suits your application requirements.

Nozzle Resources

• Nozzle Size Calculator
• Spray Nozzle Numbers Guide

*Nozzles approved for various herbicides is subject to change based on government guidelines/regulations.

Tech Ag & Industrial Sales

Shane Blomendahl is a tech sales veteran at Dultmeier Sales with over 10+ years of experience in liquid handling products covering several industries and applications.

Learn More About Author

Reducing loading time is possible with the right sprayer tender trailer setup. Every aspect of your system can affect your efficiency. From the transfer pump, chemical inductor, mixing systems, and even your hoses and fittings. At Dultmeier Sales, we have been helping to set up tender trailers for decades and today we will discuss how to select these items to create the ultimate tender trailer for your operation. 

Main Components of a Sprayer Tender Trailer

Whether it is a truck, flatbed, or bumper hitch trailer, the basic components used on a sprayer trailer consist of the following (click on each item to jump to that section in this article):

• Tanks
• Pump
• Plumbing Components
• Hose/Hose Reel
• Inductor/Mixing System

While the primary components are similar they are not all created equal. Each component comes with a range of options, making it essential to evaluate their features carefully. Let’s take a closer look at each component, explore their key attributes, and discuss how they can affect the overall function of your setup.

Sprayer Tender Trailer Plumbing Diagram

Tanks for Sprayer Trailer

The first individual component we should cover is the tanks. After all, without them, a nurse trailer is pretty useless. The job of your tank is simple, but there are several aspects to consider. Tank design can have a rather large impact on the function and efficiency of your setup so it is worth your time to consider these as you select your tank.

Horizontal Leg Tank

Size & Shape

Tank size is the primary consideration. You will need to consider what your trailer or truck can handle as well as the volume of water you will need on a daily basis. The amount of water you need depends on several factors that will be unique to your situation. 

For example, if you need 1,000 gallons of water to spray 80 acres, you can calculate the total water needed by how many total acres you expect to spray in a day or how many acres you need to spray before refilling. To spray 240 acres without having to return the tender trailer to refill, you would need a tank that holds at least 3,000 gallons of fresh water.

Horizontal leg tanks are designed to fit on flatbed trailers and trucks. These are ideal for nurse trailers because they are low-profile, and contain baffling both of which make them safer for over the road than other tank styles. They come in sizes ranging from around 1,000 gallons up to nearly 5,000 so there are plenty of options.

The keys to consider are how the tank drains and the outlet size. There are flat bottom versions and tanks with a sump to provide a more complete drain out. The more complete drainout is an advantage over flat bottom tanks however they typically require a skid which makes them more expensive. 

When you are looking for tanks you can always look at the tank drawing that shows the slope, outlet sizes, and other tank dimensions. This way you can ensure it fits your trailer and has the features you want. Contact us if you need help accessing the drawings for a specific tank. 

Tank Material

Most sprayer tender tanks are made of polyethylene, a durable, lightweight, and chemical-resistant material. The strength of these tanks is primarily determined by their Specific Gravity (SG) rating, which indicates the tank's ability to hold liquids of varying densities.

At Dultmeier Sales we carry Ace Roto Mold, Snyder, and Norwesco poly tanks. These tanks are typically all rated to handle liquids weighing up to 14 lb per gallon. This will cover most fertilizers and obviously water which is much lighter. We also can get heavy-duty tanks which are rated for much heavier liquids if necessary.

Stainless Steel Tanks are more expensive but highly durable, easy to clean, less risk of cross-contamination. Resistant to UV degradation, punctures, and chemical wear, stainless steel tanks often last decades with proper maintenance.

Algae Prevention

One of the major concerns people have with their nurse trailer tanks is the growth of algae inside the tank. To prevent this you must eliminate any sunlight from getting into the tank. While poly tanks do have UV inhibitors, a black-colored tank is the only way to eliminate all sunlight. It is important to note, however, that you cannot see the liquid level in a black tank. So if you install a clear site gauge tube, sunlight will enter through this clear tube and algae may grow.

Tender Trailer Pump Selection

Typically, a sprayer trailer will feature at least one centrifugal transfer pump. A centrifugal pump is king when it comes to moving high volumes of liquid. When it comes to agricultural tender setups, two and three-inch engine-driven pumps offer the perfect combination of flow rate, affordability, and flexibility. 

Polypropylene body pumps work well, they don’t rust and are compatible with several chemicals/fertilizers. A poly pump will be the less expensive but if you desire something that is more durable, cast-iron pumps are a great option. They are subject to rust, but they don’t break or crack as easily from the stress put on the pump. Think about the weight of your hoses or handling the hose when you move it around to fill your sprayer.

John Blue 3-Inch Pump with Honda Engine

Pump Features That Make Your Setup More Convenient

In addition to the material, there are other important pump features that will make your life a lot easier. First, an electric start gas engine lets you start the pump by turning a key/switch. These cost more but they will save your shoulder if you are starting your pump multiple times a day.

A wet seal or lubricated seal on a pump will protect the mechanical shaft seal if the pump is run dry, meaning it is operated with no liquid in it. Running a pump dry can lead to cavitation. This will damage the seal and result in a leak. It does not take long for this damage to occur. Pumps with wet seals keep things cool when the pump has no fluid passing through it. This way, if you empty a tank and do not shut the pump off right away, the pump will be safe from damage.

Manifold flanges are a style of connection instead of national pipe thread manifold flanges are held together, clamp and gasket, and are much easier to make changes to your setup or replace and isolate parts that you may need to replace. For more information see our Banjo Manifold flange guide.  

Pump Flow Rate

One of the most important aspects of your pump is obviously the flow rate. When selecting the pump for your trailer you should look for a pump that is capable of delivering adequate flow but remember a centrifugal pump does not determine the flow by itself. Ultimately, the flow you can achieve is based on several aspects of the entire plumbing setup. In addition to the pump, the plumbing will determine the maximum flow you can achieve.  This concept is explained in more detail in our centrifugal pump guide. 

For help selecting a transfer pump, you can take a look at this detailed centrifugal pump selection guide. It focuses on fertilizer pumps, but the information is relevant for water and chemical transfer as well. 

>View All Gas-Engine Pump Unit Options

Tender Trailer Plumbing

The size of your plumbing plays a crucial role in determining how quickly you can mix batches and load your sprayer. The plumbing size refers to the inside diameter (ID) of the fluid path (hose, strainers, pump ports, valves, etc.) For agricultural tender trailers, 2-inch and 3-inch plumbing are common options. 

2-inch typically grants you a maximum flow rate of about 200 GPM while 3-inch plumbing can accommodate roughly 400 GPM. These numbers are estimates and depend on a lot of additional factors such as the pump type, horsepower, liquid, number of elbows, strainers, total length of hose, etc. 

Consistency in Plumbing Size is Key

Maintaining a consistent fluid path throughout the system is key to maximizing your flow rate. This means paying attention to the inside diameter (you're going to get tired of that term but it is important) of all the plumbing components on the trailer. Including but not limited to the pump, hose, valves, fittings, and strainers. 

Let's look at an example to see why this is so crucial. If you use a 2-inch pump, then you will want to use 2-inch hose. So far so good. But if your strainer has only 1.5-inch ports, the strainer becomes a bottleneck, restricting flow. This is true for valves. Even if your valve or strainer has a 2-inch pipe thread the actual fluid path may be smaller. So how do we avoid this? 

Full Port Fittings: Why Inside Diameter Matters

The answer is to be picky when choosing your plumbing components. When choosing valves, fittings, and other components, look for "full port" options. Full port fittings maintain the advertised inside diameter throughout the fluid path. For instance, a standard 2-inch valve might have a 1.5-inch fluid path, whereas a 2-inch full port valve provides the full 2-inch ID, eliminating unnecessary restrictions.

• Example: TKV200 is a two-inch Banjo valve. It has two-inch female threaded ports but the inside diameter fluid path only measures 1.5 inches. Compare this to another Banjo TKV200FP, another “two-inch” valve, but it has an inside fluid path that measures two inches in diameter:  

Avoid Pump Cavitation with Proper Sizing

Maintaining a consistent port size throughout is not just about flow rate. It is also critical to keep your fluid path on the suction side of the pump at least the same size as your pump inlet. If your suction hose is smaller than the pump inlet, it can lead to pump cavitation—a condition where the pump is starved of fluid, leading to damage and eventual failure. A 2-inch pump should be fed with at least 2-inch inside diameter plumbing, a 3-inch pump with 3-inch, and so on. 

As mentioned above, this includes all of your valves, hose, fittings, etc. One thing that may get overlooked is the tank outlet. Many tanks have a 2-inch bulkhead fitting, and this is not large enough for a 3-inch pump. Although it is one small portion of the overall plumbing, it is a major “choke” point. You can add larger fittings to a tank if the outlet is not as large as your pump inlet. 

Nurse Trailer Hose & Hose Reels

The job of your hose is simple, but just as with your tanks and pumps, you need to remember some key factors. First, it is vital that you use a suction hose from the tank to the pump. Transfer pumps will create a vacuum that can collapse normal rubber hoses. 

Reinforced suction hoses such as Kanaflex or Tigerflex hoses are ideal because they are constructed to be flexible and work with a variety of liquids such as fertilizers for agrochemicals. This hose should also be used on the discharge side of the pump as well because it is lightweight but will not kink.

Selecting the Best Hose Material

For handling agrochemicals and fertilizers, EPDM rubber or poly hoses are excellent choices. EPDM suction and discharge hoses are particularly valued for their flexibility and resistance to UV degradation, making them ideal for outdoor use.

Suction & Discharge Hoses for Tender Trailers:

• KA390SD Kanaflex
• Tigerflex (Bumblebee hose)
• Heavy Duty Clear Suction Hose

Simplify Hose Management with Reels

Keeping your hose on a reel will not only make it easier and more convenient to handle, but it will also extend the life of the hose not to mention reduce the tripping hazard. There are so many reel options, but for 2 and 3-inch suction hoses, the best bang for the buck is the FS Super Reel. This reel has a 12V motor for automatic rewind. It also has an optional remote to run the reel making it much easier for one person to operate. 

If you’re using a hose reel, consider installing an air inlet to blow out the line after use. This removes any remaining product, reduces hose weight, and helps prevent spills or the need for additional clean-up.

FS Super Reel

Chemical Mixing Systems

The purpose of your tender trailer is to mix your chemicals and water for your sprayer batches. There are several different systems designed to make measuring chemicals, more efficient, accurate, and safer.

Cone Bottom Inductor Tanks

These systems range in features and complexity. The simplest option is to use a cone bottom inductor tank to add your chemicals. Using a 12V pump with a hose-end meter to transfer each product from the chemical shuttle measure them into your tank. The contents of the inductor tank get pulled into your carrier line either from the pump suction or the suction created from a venturi. If you are not familiar with inductor tanks with a venturi, then be sure to read our complete chemical inductor guide. 

Cone bottom inductor tanks are commonly 15-110 gallons and have a lot of different options. A Chem-Blade rinse system is a stainless blade that fits inside the inductor tank. It allows you to quickly slice jugs open and rinse them out completely. This is a much faster way to add jugs of chemicals and helps avoid spills while pouring. 

Dultmeier Quick Chem-Mix System

If you want to avoid 12 pumps, this can be done with the Dultmeier Quick Chem-Mix system. This system allows you to make up to six different chemicals with just a single meter and no 12V pumps. Just a single transfer pump. 

This works similarly to a cone bottom inductor tank, the suction from your transfer pump or venturi assembly pulls chemicals from each mini-bulk tank. Instead of a cone bottom tank on top of the inductor/venturi assembly, you have a manifold with several one-inch valves. 

You manually open a ball valve and meter one chemical at a time through an oval gear meter. This meter does not require calibration for each separate chemical. You can find more detailed information in this guide on setting up the Quick Chem-Mix system. 

Quick Chem-MIx

Dura Auto-Batch Direct Injection System

If you want a system that offers more automation, the Dura Auto Batch Direct Injection system is designed to automatically inject herbicides directly into the sprayer carrier during the tank filling process. It utilizes the Dura Auto-Batch meters to control the pumps. You simply set your desired amount of chemical on the meter and when the amount is reached the pump is shut off. 

You can all of your chemicals at one time, speeding up your process considerably. Dura’s research shows that you can reduce your sprayer fill time by 68 percent! You can take a look at the full system here. 

Dura Auto-Batch Direct Inject

Key Takeaways

• Not just volume: Tank shape and features are important to consider as well
• Plumbing affects flow rate not just your pump size
• Consistent, full port plumbing to maximize flow
• Wet seal pumps protect against "run" dry scenario
• Hose reels keep your trailer organized and safer
• There are many chemical mixing options no matter your budget

Selecting the right components for your sprayer tender trailer is all about understanding your operational needs and building a system that delivers efficiency and reliability. By focusing on the right pump, tanks, hose reels, and additional components, you can create a trailer that keeps you spraying longer with less downtime.

Need help with your setup? Reach out for expert advice on choosing the perfect components for your tender trailer!

Deicing is a critical component of winter road maintenance, ensuring that roads, highways, and walkways remain safe and navigable during snowy and icy conditions. However, the effectiveness of deicing practices hinges on a solid understanding of key industry terminology. 

Whether you're a contractor, part of a municipal team, or work with a Department of Transportation (DOT), familiarizing yourself with these terms is essential for successful operations. In this guide, we'll break down the most important deicing terms, helping you to better understand and implement the best practices for keeping roads clear and safe throughout the winter season.

Common Deicing Terms and What They Mean

At Dultmeier we have decades of experience building and selling deicing equipment. Over the years we have gained a thorough understanding of the industry lingo. So, let’s look at the common terms that you should know.

Anti-Icing

Also known as “pre-treating”, anti-icing refers to the process of spraying liquid deicers on roadways before snow or ice begins to accumulate. This method is primarily used to prevent the formation of ice and to stop snow from bonding with the road surface. 

Anti-icing is also commonly applied on city streets, highways, parking lots, and bridges during the winter to prevent black ice from forming. It can be used on just about any surface that gets vehicle or foot traffic. The typical application rates for anti-icing are in the range of 30-50 gallons per lane mile (*to be certain you should consult your product supplier). This method is proactive, aiming to make it easier to keep roads clear during winter weather.

How It Works:
Anti-icing involves the application of liquid chemicals (e.g., salt brine, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, & other products) directly to the road surface. These chemicals lower the freezing point of water, preventing ice from forming.

Benefits:

• Preventative Measure: By applying anti-icing agents before a storm, the road surface is less likely to become icy, which can improve traction and reduce the number of accidents.
• Efficiency: Applying liquids prior to storms allows you to plan and allocate resources. Brine can be made ready ahead of time and roads get treated when conditions are more friendly. 
• Reduced Chemical Usage: Anti-icing requires less chemical application compared to de-icing, making it more cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
• Easier Snow Removal: Since snow is less likely to bond with the pavement, it is easier to plow and remove.

Liquid De-Icing

Liquid de-icing involves spraying liquid deicers on roads after snow or ice has already begun to fall. The purpose of liquid de-icing is to melt the existing snow and ice on the roadway. Because it deals with already-formed ice, de-icing requires higher application rates, approximately 3-5 times greater than those used in anti-icing. This reactive approach is necessary once snow and ice have bonded to the road surface.

How It Works:
De-icing involves spraying liquid (e.g., salt brine, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, & other products) onto the ice and snow-covered road. These chemicals melt the ice by lowering its freezing point, turning it into slush that can be plowed away.

Benefits:

• Immediate Action: De-icing can quickly address hazardous road conditions after a storm, making roads safer for travel.
• Wide Application: It can be applied to various surfaces and conditions where ice has already formed.

The equipment used for liquid de-icing and anti-icing is essentially the same. The primary difference is in the amount of liquid applied and the size of the nozzles used to apply it. We will discuss this more in a minute.

>View Deice and Anti-Ice Sprayers

Pre-Wetting

"Pre-Wetting" refers to the process of spraying liquid deicer onto road salt, either when it is in a salt pile or when it is running up a conveyor or spraying the salt/sand mixture on a truck just as it comes off the spinner or auger. This technique helps enhance the effectiveness of solid deicers by ensuring better adherence to the road surface and improving the melting action.

Benefit: Pre-wetting can reduce the amount of solid material needed, decrease the bounce and scatter of salt, and improve the speed at which ice is melted.

Application Rate

Application rates refer to the quantity of liquid deicer applied per lane mile (GPLM). For example, a common rate for anti-icing with brine might be 30-50 GPLM. This rate can vary depending on factors like weather conditions, type of deicer, and road surface conditions. Controlling the application rate is an important aspect of a de-ice or anti-ice sprayer. The speed at which you travel while applying the liquid affects the overall application rate; if you speed up the sprayer output must increase to maintain your overall GPLM rate. 

There are multiple ways to adjust your rate, manual pressure-based control and automatic rate control. Manual controls require the operator to adjust the pump output as needed when they change speed. This requires that you monitor the flow or pressure and calculate ahead of time the level of adjustment needed for specific increases or decreases in speed. Automatic rate control systems let you set your rate and the system makes the adjustments automatically as speed changes. This is a complex subject and for more details, look at this article that covers sprayer rate control methods, and more detail.

View options for automatic rate controllers here.

Anti-Icing & Deicing Spray Nozzles  

The nozzles used on the sprayer must be sized to accommodate the desired application rate and range of speeds during operation. Additionally, if the same sprayer is used for both anti-icing and de-icing, different sets of nozzles might be needed due to the varying application rates. Variable orifice nozzles are also available. 

Commonly solid stream nozzles are used for de-icing and anti-icing. Solid stream nozzles penetrate the surface of the ice/snow better than flat fan nozzles. Allowing the deicing liquid to melt from the bottom up.

Stainless Steel Deicing Nozzles

Lane Mile

This is a measure of distance, where one lane mile equals one mile of roadway in one lane. To apply the deicer, you need to know the total number of lane miles you will treat. For example, if you are treating a highway that is 10 miles long with 2 lanes, you have 20 lane miles (10 miles x 2 lanes). 

Salinity

Salinity refers to the concentration of salt in a brine solution, typically measured in percentage by weight of salt. Salinity is a key factor in determining the effectiveness of a salt brine used for de-icing or anti-icing. For example, a standard salt brine solution might have a maximum salinity of 26.4% by weight, the point at which the brine is 100% saturated. The optimal salinity for salt brine is close to 23.3% by weight with a -6° F freezing point.  

Salimeter

A Salimeter is a tool used to measure the salinity or concentration of salt in a solution, typically in a brine solution used for de-icing or anti-icing. It provides a direct reading of the salt content in percentage by weight or in terms of saturation, allowing operators to ensure that the brine solution has the optimal concentration for preventing ice formation or for melting existing ice.

How it Works:

• Measurement Scale: Salimeters typically have a scale that measures the percentage of salt in the solution, with a common range being from 0% to 26.4% for sodium chloride brine (26.4% is the 100% saturation point of salt in water at normal temperatures). Salimeters are also available that measure the percentage of saturation on a scale of 0-100%.

View available Salimeters:

• Salimeter 0-26.4%
• Salimeter 0-100%

Usage in Winter Road Maintenance: By using a salimeter, DOTs and contractors can verify that their brine solutions are correctly mixed to achieve maximum effectiveness in ice prevention or removal. Proper salinity ensures that the brine is neither too diluted (which would reduce its effectiveness) nor too concentrated (which could lead to waste).

Brine Maker

A brine maker is a specialized system designed for the efficient production of salt brine, which is commonly used for anti-icing and de-icing roadways. The system is designed to mix water and salt to create a brine solution with a precise concentration optimal for preventing ice formation and for treating roads before, during, and after snowstorms.

At Dultmeier our brine maker is designed for efficient and reliable production of salt brine, featuring an "easy clean-out" system that simplifies maintenance and reduces downtime. It is built with durable, corrosion-resistant stainless steel, ensuring long-lasting performance in harsh conditions. 

The brine maker also includes simple controls for precise mixing, which guarantees consistent brine concentration. These features make it ideal for municipalities, DOTs, and contractors who need to produce large volumes of brine quickly and maintain their equipment with minimal hassle. This system not only enhances operational efficiency but also helps in cost-effective winter road maintenance.

See more details:

DUBPS3000-SS

Conclusion

Understanding the terminology used in deicing is essential for anyone involved in winter road maintenance. Whether you’re a contractor, part of a municipal team, or work with a DOT, knowing these key terms will help you make informed decisions and apply the best practices for ice and snow control.

Tom Hansen, P.E.

Tom Hansen, Partner and Engineer at Dultmeier Sales, brings over 25 years of expertise in fluid handling equipment for agriculture, deicing, petroleum, and more.

Learn More About Author

When your sprayer pump is functioning perfectly, it often goes unnoticed. However, when it starts to leak or fails, identifying the correct repair parts or finding a replacement becomes urgent to minimize downtime. 

This task can be challenging, especially if there are no visible model numbers or identification tags on the pump. Many sprayer manufacturers use Hypro hydraulic motor-driven pumps but often the nameplate is removed, lost, or becomes unreadable over time. As a result, identifying the original pump can become quite a task.

At Dultmeier we have been selling the Hypro brand for decades and experience has taught us what to look for in order to determine your pump model. With the right approach, it is possible to identify your pump’s specifications and find suitable replacement parts or a complete pump replacement.

Guide to Identify Hypro Hydraulic Sprayer Pump

Although examining the physical attributes of your pump is not a 100% accurate way to determine the model of your Hypro pump, it is a good place to start. Often you can narrow down enough to find repair parts or determine the performance specifications. 

Note: If you are unsure of the pump manufacture or if you have a different type of pump, you can refer to our sprayer pump guide or give us a call. 

Measure Fluid Port Size/Type

The inlet and outlet ports differ in size and type. Common configurations include threaded connections or manifold flanges. After determining the drive type, measuring the inside diameter of each port will help narrow down your pump model. 

Here are the typical port sizes for the different series of Hypro Hydraulic Pumps:

Some of these pump series have the same measurements. In this case, you will need to examine some other characteristics to decide which series of pump you have. For example, the 9306, 9307, and 9316 series can all come with a 300 x 220 flange. 

You can determine which series you have by looking at some other characteristics of the pump. You can view more details of each pump below:

• 9306 - Standard pump with no wet seal
• 9307 - High flow pump with larger capacity hydraulic motor, significantly larger housing than the 9306
• 9316 - ForceField wet seal pump. Has a barrier fluid reservoir around the pump seal. 

Hydraulic Motor Variations

Hypro offers several different hydraulic motor sizes, so measuring the pump ports only tells us part of the info we need. These motors have different hydraulic flow rates and work with different tractors or sprayer hydraulic systems. For the 9303, 9306, 9313, 9314, and 9316 series you can pinpoint the motor type by measuring the motor’s gerotor housing.

In the image below you can see the location of the gerotor and the reference to it in the manual parts breakdown. This shows the gerotor housing width for each different motor model.

Do note that you must refer to a Hypro pump manual to find the hydraulic motor measurements for the different motors. 

Housing and Seal Materials

When you have measured the ports and gerotor housing you are most of the way there. The final step is to consider the housing material. The pumps are available in cast iron or stainless steel. This part is easy but it is important to consider. Typically the cast iron pumps are fitted with the standard Viton® /Ceramic mechanical seal and the stainless steel pumps have Life Guard® silicon carbide seals. The Life Guard® seal is intended to last much longer with abrasive liquids. 

Hypro Pump Model Example

Let’s look at a real example and see if we can determine the model number. In this video, we have a Hypro pump on a self-propelled sprayer. We do not have a nameplate on the pump so we need to measure the ports and hydraulic gerotor housing.

The pump has a 2-inch FPT inlet and a 1-½-inch FPT outlet. This means it is a 9306 series pump. The hydraulic motor gerotor housing measures ⅝ inches wide which tells us that we have an HM5 hydraulic motor. Finally, the pump housing is cast iron so all of this info would give us a model of 9306C-HM5

With this info, you can determine the model you have and then find the repair parts or replacement pump you need. If you have questions or would like help give us a call or email today. 

If you spray deicing fluids on roads or sidewalks, you need your equipment to work whenever winter weather is going to arrive. Your pump is one of the most crucial components of a deicing and snow removal operation. Taking the time to find a reliable option will save you time and money in the long run. 

Dultmeier Sales has been providing pumps and equipment for all types of anti-ice and deicing fluids. Today we will examine the optimal pump units for various de-ice scenarios. 

Types of Pumps for Use With Deicing Liquids 

Many different types of pumps can work with deicing liquids, but centrifugal pumps are the best option for the high-volume transfer requirements of large-scale ice prevention on roads and parking lots. 

The specific centrifugal pumps used should be able to handle the corrosiveness and heaviness of deicing fluids.  A few common deicing liquids include salt brine (NaCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl), and Calcium Chloride (CaCl).  There are others such as Potassium Acetate and products that include natural byproducts such as sugar beet and corn-based additives. 

Most of these deicing liquid products are quite corrosive, so pumps constructed of polyethylene, polypropylene, and stainless steel are much better choices than those constructed of cast iron, ductile iron, or aluminum. You can learn more about the materials compatible with salt brine and other device liquids in this de-ice equipment guide that covers the types of tanks, hoses, strainers, etc. that you need.

Standard single mechanical seals with Viton or EPDM elastomers are typically suitable for most deicing liquids, although double mechanical seals are even better with all products and are best for the deicing liquids that have solids in them such as the sugar beet or corn-based additives.

Transfer Pump Units with Electric Motors

For deicing liquids, centrifugal transfer pumps should be constructed of polyethylene, polypropylene, or stainless steel and should include electric motors that are Totally Enclosed and Fan-Cooled (TEFC).  These are generally in the 2” or 3” size and most are self-priming.

Here you can see the polyethylene pump units with TEFC electric motors that we stock:  Dultmeier Sales 2 - 10 HP Polyester Centrifugal Pump / Motor Units, Self-Priming - Dultmeier Sales

For deicing Liquids, it is important to select models with a Specific Gravity (S.G.) Rating of at least 1.2 or higher; this means the pump unit can safely pump liquids that are heavier than water (which has a 1.0 S.G. Rating).  This will typically be 3HP, 5HP for 2” sizes, and 7.5HP or 10HP for 3” sizes.  This will prevent the electric motor from overloading and tripping circuit breakers when pumping at high flow rates.

Recommended High-Volume Deice Liquid Transfer Pumps:

• Poly pumps won't rust and will hold up to corrosive liquids: Electric Motor-Driven Poly Transfer Pump Units

• Stainless steel is more costly, but in addition to being corrosion resistant, they are much more durable in the cold: Stainless Steel Electric Motor Driven Transfer Pump Units

Transfer Pump Units with Gas Engine Drives  

These centrifugal transfer pumps are popular where sufficient electrical power is not available.  Be sure to select 5HP engine models in the 2” sizes and at least 6.5HP for 3” size pumps.  Here are some popular 2” Polypropylene Transfer Pumps with 5HP Honda Gas Engines that we stock: 

• 2" Poly Banjo Pump with 5HP Honda Engine
• 3” Poly pump with 6.5 HP Honda Gas Engine

Sprayer Pumps with Hydraulic Motors

Centrifugal Transfer Pumps are designed to move relatively high volumes of liquid (100 to 300 GPM for 2” and 3” sizes) but not for high-pressure spraying. So for Anti-ice and De-ice Sprayers, it is important to use centrifugal pumps that are designed for spraying.  These pumps can generate much higher pressures than centrifugal transfer pumps.  Most of these centrifugal sprayer pumps have integral hydraulic motors and run off the hydraulic hoses that run into and out of the hydraulic motor on the pump. 

Many models can develop pressures of 80 to 100 PSI, so they can force liquid through the spray nozzles at sufficient volume to properly anti-ice and de-ice the roadways.  It is very important to size your sprayer pump properly for the application rate (in gallons per lane-mile) and average speed your truck will be driving.  We can assist you with sizing these sprayer pumps. 

It is also important to select a sprayer pump with the correct hydraulic motor to match your hydraulic system's oil flow rate (gallons per minute of hydraulic oil).  Note that these pumps can be constructed of cast iron and will last reasonably long with deicing liquids if flushed out periodically (and definitely after each spray season and then filled with RV Anti-Freeze or other non-corrosive liquids).

Here are some centrifugal sprayer pumps (cast iron and stainless shown) with hydraulic motors from Hypro that are popular for spraying deicing liquids at proper application rates and speeds: 

• Hydraulic-Driven Centrifugal Pumps for Deice

Maintenance:  Always remember to flush out all deicing liquids from your pump units right after the season ends and fill them with RV Anti-Freeze or other non-corrosive liquid.  This will help your pumps last many years.

Tech Sales and Engineers on Staff to Assist You:  We can help you size and select the correct transfer pumps and sprayer pumps for your liquid deicing applications.  Just give us a call.

Tom Hansen, P.E.

Tom Hansen, Partner and Engineer at Dultmeier Sales, brings over 25 years of expertise in fluid handling equipment for agriculture, deicing, petroleum, and more.

Learn More About Author

Chemical mixing is a crucial part of agricultural spraying. Regardless of the type of herbicide, fertilizer, or biologic you use, effective mixing requires proper equipment to ensure precision, safety, and minimize waste.

The main tool to add mini-bulk chemicals is typically a 12-volt diaphragm pump and electronic meter. However, what if I told you there was a way to mix all your bulk chemicals without multiple 12-volt pumps? Let’s look at the pros and cons of the different options and explain how you can use one pump and meter for multiple products without recalibration or disconnecting and connecting hoses.

Chemical Mixing With 12-Volt Pump and Meters: The Good and the Bad 

Anyone mixing chemical batches for a sprayer is likely familiar with 12-volt chemical pumps and meters. These are necessary to add products to your sprayer batches either directly or through an inductor cone. These pumps are effective, but they have several drawbacks including maintenance, limited flow, and of course cost. 

This method also limits your efficiency because you must calibrate multiple meters and add product one at a time carefully watching the meter until you have added your desired amount. You must shut off the valve, and pump, and then move on to the next product. There is also the constant handling of the hoses and meters, moving them around as needed, which can get messy. 

More sophisticated systems, such as the Dura Auto Batch System, allow you to inject each product directly, eliminating the need to handle each one. They will even allow you to set the amount of product you want and automatically shut off the pump once that amount has been reached. 

This method definitely works well, and it is much more efficient. However, it does come with added cost and you still have the potential for pump and meter failure due to the nature of handling agrochemicals. 

There are also automated systems to mix your chemicals without 12-volt pumps and meters. These provide the most streamlined option but they are by far the most expensive. The idea of being able to efficiently add chemicals while accurately measuring them without multiple 12-volt pumps and meters is certainly appealing, but how can you accomplish this without spending thousands if not tens of thousands?  

The good news is that with the right transfer pump for the carrier liquid, meter, and inductor setup, this can be done!

Ag Chemical Mixing Setup Without 12-Volt Pumps

How exactly will one pump handle all the chemicals or additives? Instead of a 12-volt pump on each chemical tote, you can use the suction from a Venturi/inductor to pull product from each tote. This is the same type of inductor assembly that you would find under a cone bottom tank. (If you are not familiar with inductor tanks with a venturi, our guide on chemical inductors will get you up to speed.) 

In the following setup, instead of a cone bottom tank, we have a manifold stacked on top of a gear meter that can measure each product accurately. Each product is drawn into the manifold and through the meter, then feeds into your main carrier line into the sprayer or nurse tank. 

Everything is plumbed together allowing you to add each chemical one at a time. You simply open the corresponding ball valve for the product you want to add and watch the flow meter display until the desired volume is reached. Then close the valve, open the rinse valve to flush the system, and reset the meter before moving on to the next product.

There are a couple of important aspects of this setup that make it work: 1) the gear meter handles all the chemicals without the need for recalibration, and 2) suction is needed to pull chemical from each tank. 

The meter is pretty straightforward, you must ensure you are using a meter that can handle the different agrochemical viscosities. For this, an oval gear meter is required. It is the suction aspect that gets a little more tricky. 

There are two distinct ways one can generate the required suction: You can use the suction from your transfer pump (typically a 2 or 3-inch gas-engine driven pump) or you can use suction from an inductor. These two methods can effectively be used to move your bulk chemical but there are key plumbing differences for each one. 

Dultmeier sales offer prebuilt units that work with either method. We will examine those later in this article, but first, let’s walk through the differences between each one and consider the pros and cons of each.

Option #1: Using Suction of Your Transfer Pump

The simpler of the two methods is to use the suction created by your transfer pump. The pump is installed in your main carrier/water line. Each hose from your mini-bulk tanks is plumbed into a manifold. The outlet of the manifold is connected via a “T” fitting into your carrier line. All of the liquid, chemical, and water, is pulled through the pump and into the sprayer or nurse tank.

*Using the suction of a centrifugal pump to pull chemicals from the shuttle/mini-bulk tanks.

Required Components

• 2-inch or 3-inch Engine driven Centrifugal Pump (Preferably a “Wet Seal” Pump)
• Oval Gear Meter
• Flow Meter Display
• Poly “Tee” Fittings for manifold
• Ball Valves
• Hose
• Check valve

Advantages of using suction from your pump

• Lower overall cost
• Simple to setup
• Amount of chemicals you can add is not limited by the volume of the carrier that is pumped

Disadvantages of using suction from the pump

• All the chemical goes through the pump, potentially causing pump damage over time
• Potential to introduce air in the pump or starve the pump of liquid, resulting in seal failure
• Cannot use the pump to provide fresh water for rinse

Option #2: Using Venturi/Inductor System

The second method to draw your chemical into your system with your transfer pump is to utilize a venturi. The pump pushes the water/carrier through the venturi and this creates suction that can pull chemicals from the mini-bulk tanks and into your manifold then through the venturi. In this setup, there is no chemical going through the pump. 

The suction is created by the venturi and the venturi is located on the discharge side of the pump. The pump can also provide rinse water because it is just pumping fresh water and not chemicals. 

This would be a great option if you are already using a cone bottom mixing tank with an inductor venturi manifold on the bottom. You can plumb your chemical manifold into the bottom of your existing inductor cone. This will allow you to use the inductor assembly to suck product out of the cone bottom tank or your chemical manifold. 

*Using suction created from water pumped through inductor assembly to pull chemical from shuttle/mini-bulk tanks.

Required Components

• 2-inch or 3-inch Engine driven Centrifugal Pump (Preferably a “Wet Seal” Pump)
• Inductor System with 2 or 3-inch Venturi Manifold
• Oval Gear Meter
• Flow Meter Display
• Poly “Tee” Fittings for manifold
• Ball Valves
• Hose
• Check valve

Advantages of using inductor assembly for suction:

• Only one pump is needed to create suction and provide rinse
• No chemical through the transfer pump
• No risk of starving the pump

Disadvantages

• More components required means more cost

How to Construct Chemical Mixing Manifold

The central feature of this setup is building your manifold so your transfer pump can be used to pull chemical into the system and meter it accurately. This means we need a “stack” of “tee” fittings on top of a meter with a freshwater line plumbed into the top. It is recommended that a strainer is installed prior to the meter to protect it from debris. 

No matter which of these methods you choose, there are a few key aspects to keep in mind to ensure your system operates effectively. 

Pump Type

First off, the type of pump that you use matters. You can use a two- or three-inch pump. If your main carrier/water line is two inches, then use a two-inch pump. You need a three-inch pump if you want to use a three-inch line. It is important to ensure the pump has adequate horsepower to handle the demands of this application. Typically, this means 5 HP for a 2-inch pump and 9 or more HP for a 3-inch pump. Be sure to contact us if you need help identifying the right pump.

This is especially important if you are using an inductor with venturi. Your pump must meet the flow rate requirements for the inductor assembly to perform adequately. A two-inch pump used with a three-inch venturi assembly will not generate enough flow through the venturi to create the suction needed to pull products out of the cage tank/mini-bulk tank. 

Furthermore, it is recommended that you use a centrifugal transfer pump with a “wet seal”. This type of seal can be run dry for short periods of time without causing any damage to the seal assembly. This is especially significant If you plan to use the suction of the pump to pull product from each tote. You don’t want to risk damaging the pump if a tank runs empty and the pump starts pulling air. 

Plumbing

The hoses from the mini-bulk tanks/shuttles to the inlet of the manifold should be kept as short as possible. The suction of the pump is capable of pulling chemicals from about 20 feet with no problem but there is a limit. It is best practice to limit excess hose length, elbows, and other restrictions as much as possible so the system works efficiently. 

Meter

Using one meter for all of your products requires a meter that does not need to be calibrated for each product and can handle liquids with different viscosities. An oval gear meter is capable of providing consistent measurements of flow rates for both high- and low-viscosity liquids

You can use a meter with a local display to monitor the amount of chemical as it is added. This may be hard see because the meter is located on the bottom of the manifold. GPI offers a meter with a remote display option that can be mounted anywhere that is more convenient to see as you mix your chemicals.

Check Valve

A check valve is necessary to prevent any chemical or carrier flowing back into the manifold. This is installed between the meter and a “Tee” fitting in the main water line. 

Manifold Flange Fittings

Banjo manifold flange fittings are a style of plumbing connection that is much easier to work with than threaded fittings. These fittings are connected via a clamp and a gasket that provides a seal between the two flanges. Using these fittings saves a lot of time in the assembly and disassembly process. A single fitting can be isolated and removed/replaced without the need to unthread an entire group of fittings.

Rinse 

A feature that should not be overlooked. The rinse valve on the top of the manifold/stack ensures that all of the product is flushed out before adding another. The rinse line can be plumbed in a number of ways. The rinse plumbing will vary depending on whether you are using the pump suction or a venturi.

If you are using the suction of the pump (without a venturi/inductor assembly), then you will require a second pump to supply fresh water to rinse out the system.

Prebuilt Chemical Mix Unit: Quick Chem-Mix

Assembling one of these units can be done fairly easily. You can configure it to work with your current chemical mixing station or sprayer nurse trailer. However, it does take a bit of time to build and wire the meter and display correctly. This is why Dultmeier offers ready-to-go systems. 

The Dultmeier Quick Chem-Mix system (Part number DUCHEM-MIX) is a complete chemical mixing manifold, meter, and display plumbed together on a stainless steel stand. It can be easily incorporated into your nurse trailer or a stationary mixing location.

Dultmeier Quick Chem-Mix Video

There are two separate versions: with inductor assembly and without the inductor assembly. The full unit with venturi inductor (no tank) is ready to go, all you need is to install it on the discharge side of your transfer pump and connect your mini-bulk/shuttle tanks and you are ready to go:

If you want to use it with an existing cone bottom tank and inductor you already have or use the suction of your pump, use the system without the inductor. You just connect the outlet to the inlet of your pump:

Remember that the Quick Chem-Mix units without inductor will require you to plumb a separate freshwater rinse line to the manifold “stack”. 

Quick Chem-Mix Benefits

• Ability to pull chemicals from 20 feet or more depending on your setup
• Meter up to six individual chemicals
• One flowmeter for all products. There is no need to calibrate the meter for each product
• The rinse feature ensures all product is flushed out of the manifold
• Easy to plumb into existing inductor cones with minimal plumbing
• No 12-Volt mini-bulk pumps, just a single transfer pump is needed
• Available with 2 or 3-inch inductor assembly, also available without inductor assembly if you already have a cone bottom tank with inductor
• NEMA-rated weatherproof enclosure protects the display 

Testing the Quick Chem-Mix System

More Than One Way to Get the Job Done

There are several effective options for mixing mini-bulk chemicals. The setup you choose depends on your preferences and budget. Whether you assemble it yourself or use the Quick Chem-Mix, this system offers an inexpensive way to conveniently mix multiple products without handling several chemical pumps and hoses. 

If you prefer a more automated system be sure to check out the Dura Auto-Batch System 

Tech Ag & Industrial Sales

Shane Blomendahl is a tech sales veteran at Dultmeier Sales with over 10+ years of experience in liquid handling products covering several industries and applications.

Learn More About Author

Air-operated double diaphragm (AODD) pumps are highly versatile, reliable devices widely used across various industries for handling viscous, abrasive, and shear-sensitive fluids. Powered by compressed air, these pumps use two diaphragms in a reciprocating motion to transfer liquid. With no need for electricity, these pumps offer a versatile option for hazardous and demanding environments.

AODDs: Basic Parts and Operation

1. Diaphragms: Located on either side of the pump, the diaphragms are flexible membranes typically made of materials like PTFE or rubber. 
2. Air Chamber: The air chamber (also known as the air valve chamber) is where compressed air is introduced to alternate between the two diaphragms. 
3. Inlet and Outlet Manifolds: The inlet manifold allows the fluid to enter the pump chamber, while the outlet manifold directs the fluid out of the pump after it has been moved by the diaphragms. 
4. Check Valves: Each diaphragm chamber has two check valves, one at the inlet and one at the outlet. These valves are responsible for directing fluid flow in a single direction. Typically a ball and seat style check valve.  
5. Valve Assembly (Air Valve): The air valve assembly, typically located in the center section of the pump, controls the distribution of compressed air to the diaphragms. 
6. Fluid Chambers: Fluid chambers are located on either side of the diaphragms. 
7. Exhaust Port: As compressed air pushes one diaphragm, the air on the opposite side is expelled through the exhaust port. This port vents the air used to move the diaphragms, and in some applications, exhaust air is collected or muffled to reduce noise.
8. Center Section: This is the core of the pump, housing the air valve and the air distribution system. 

How These Parts Work Together

When the pump starts, compressed air is directed into the air chamber behind one of the diaphragms, causing it to push outward and transfer fluid out through the outlet manifold. Simultaneously, the opposite diaphragm is pulled inward, creating suction in its fluid chamber, drawing in new fluid through the inlet manifold. The air valve then alternates the air supply to the other diaphragm, repeating the process. This alternating motion allows AODD pumps to handle viscous, abrasive, and shear-sensitive materials efficiently and reliably.

This design makes AODD pumps ideal for industries where the safe handling of various fluid types—especially in explosive or corrosive environments—is essential. 

Advantages of an AODD Pump

1. Corrosion Resistance

Advantage: Built with materials like PTFE, Viton, and Santoprene, AODD pumps can handle a wide variety of fluids, including those that are abrasive, viscous, corrosive, or contain solids.

Benefit: This versatility allows them to be used in many different industries and applications, from chemical processing to food and beverage production.

2. Self-Priming Capability

Advantage: AODD pumps are self-priming, meaning they can start pumping without needing to be filled with fluid first.

Benefit: This makes them ideal for applications where the fluid source is below the pump or where frequent starts and stops are required.

3. Ability to Run Dry

Advantage: AODD pumps can run dry without damage, unlike many other pump types. This means operating the pump without fluid moving through it.

Benefit: This is valuable in situations where the fluid supply may be inconsistent or may be interrupted. For example, you could use an AODD to pump out the contents of a barrel without needing to monitor the liquid level and shut off the pump immediately when the barrel is emptied to avoid damage to the pump. 

It should be noted that although an AODD pump can run dry, prolonged operation with no fluid can be hard on the diaphragms and other components. 

4. Safety 

Advantage: While not all AODD pumps are inherently explosion-proof, they are powered by compressed air and don’t require electricity, eliminating the risk of sparks.

Benefit: This generally makes them safe for use in hazardous environments where flammable or explosive materials are present, such as in the oil and gas industry. Always be sure to check that your pump and pump materials are compatible and designed for your application and environment.

5. Gentle Pumping Action

Advantage: The reciprocating diaphragm movement in AODD pumps produces a gentle, low-shear pumping action compared to other pump types. 

Benefit: This makes AODD pumps preferable for handling shear-sensitive fluids, such as emulsions, suspensions, and biological materials, without damaging them.

6. Easy Maintenance

Advantage: AODD pumps have relatively simple designs with few moving parts, making them easy to maintain and repair.

Benefit: Maintenance can typically be performed on-site without the need for specialized tools, reducing downtime.

7. Pumping of Solids and Slurries

Advantage: AODD pumps can easily handle fluids containing solids or slurries without clogging.

Benefit: This capability is crucial in industries like wastewater treatment, mining, and construction, where the fluid being pumped often contains particles or debris.

8. Simple Control

Advantage: The flow rate of AODD pumps can be easily adjusted by regulating the inlet air pressure without the need for complex controls.

Benefit: Common air regulators are all that is required to adjust the pump. A simple ball valve can be used to turn the pump on and off.

9. Suction Lift Capability

Advantage: AODD pumps can achieve significant suction lift (30 feet or more!), making them capable of drawing fluid from deep or difficult-to-access locations.

Benefit: This makes them useful in situations where the fluid source is located below the pump, such as in sump pits or underground storage tanks.

Specific AODD Pump Applications Across Industries

The unique design of AODD pumps allows them to fit into several different applications. Let’s examine some specific scenarios where an AODD pump can excel while other transfer pumps fall short.

Safe Transfer of Corrosive and Hazardous Fluids

In the chemical industry, AODD pumps are essential for safely transferring corrosive and hazardous substances. Their seal-less design significantly reduces the risk of leaks, enabling secure handling of acids, solvents, and aggressive chemicals.

Specific applications: AODD pumps with poly body and Teflon diaphragms can be used to pump high concentrations of phosphoric acid and Kynar body pumps with Teflon diaphragms can handle sulfuric acid. 

AODD Pumps in Food and Beverage Production

AODD pumps are widely utilized in the food and beverage sector to handle products like sauces, syrups, and beverages. Their mild pumping action preserves the quality and consistency of materials that can change in viscosity when agitated or stirred (creams, sauces, condiments, etc.).

Specific applications: There are also AODD pumps designed for handling large solids and slurries associated with the meat and poultry processing industries. These pumps are sanitary pumps designed for quick and easy cleaning. Typically featuring high-grade stainless-steel bodies.

Mining and Construction: Heavy-Duty AODD Pumps for Slurry and Dewatering

Mining and construction industries present unique and rugged applications. The need for dewatering dirty water and sludge where the contents and solids sizes are often varied and unpredictable. The right AODD pump can withstand tough environments. They are also portable and can run dry without damage, making them a reliable choice in these demanding fields.

Specific Application: Warren Rupp offers durable pumps with metal bodies (aluminum, cast iron, stainless). The Sandpiper Beast is a tough, clog-resistant pump designed to move fluids with debris up to 2 inches in diameter.

Petroleum Industry

In the oil and gas industry, AODD pumps move crude oil, gasoline, diesel, and other petroleum fluids. The pumps’ lack of electrical components provides explosion-proof safety, making them ideal for hazardous environments. 

AODDs are ideal for handling oils and hydraulic fluids of various weights making them a versatile option for fleet maintenance. 

Specific Applications: The Zeeline NS1040UL is a UL-rated AODD that will safely pump gasoline and diesel fuels up to 37 gallons per minute. 

AODD pumps also work excellent for handling waste oil. 

Car and Fleet Wash

Transferring different soaps, detergents, wax, and sealers requires a pump that can move the fluid without resulting in foaming. It also must handle a wide range of different chemical combinations and viscosities.  

Specific applications: This Yamada poly pump is versatile and has wide chemical compatibility for soaps, detergents, and other cleaning products. 

What Materials are AODD Pumps Made From?

AODD pumps are constructed from a variety of different materials. Different materials are used for the main components: the housing, check valve balls, seats, and diaphragms. 

The housing (or body) of an AODD pump consists of the fluid chambers and inlet/outlet manifolds. Common materials include:

• Aluminum: Lightweight and suitable for oils, coolants, and certain solvents but may corrode with acidic or abrasive fluids.
• Stainless Steel: Durable and resistant to corrosion, making it ideal for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and certain chemical applications.
• Polypropylene: A cost-effective, lightweight plastic that resists a wide range of chemicals. 
• Kynar (PVDF): A chemically resistant plastic with excellent durability, often chosen for aggressive chemicals like acids and solvents.
• Cast Iron: Highly durable but susceptible to corrosion with certain chemicals. They are commonly used for demanding applications in construction and mining. 

The check valve balls are in direct contact with the fluid and must be resistant to the medium you are pumping. Common materials include:

• Santoprene: A thermoplastic elastomer with good chemical resistance, typically used for water-based fluids and certain chemicals.
• PTFE (Teflon): Highly resistant to chemicals, suitable for aggressive solvents, acids, and high-temperature applications.
• Nitrile (Buna-N): Good for petroleum and certain chemicals but less resistant to extreme temperatures.
• Viton: Excellent for high-temperature and a variety of chemical applications.

Seats create the sealing surface for the balls, and their material affects the pump’s fluid compatibility. Common seat materials:

• Polypropylene
• Stainless Steel
• Santoprene and Buna-N

Diaphragms are crucial in AODD pumps, as they directly handle fluid and pressure. The choice of diaphragm material influences chemical resistance, flexibility, and temperature tolerance.

• Santoprene: A flexible, durable option for a range of chemicals, commonly used in general applications.
• PTFE (Teflon): Excellent chemical resistance, suitable for aggressive fluids, and has a longer lifespan in abrasive applications. 
• Buna-N (Nitrile): Good for petroleum-based fluids and general applications but limited by lower chemical and temperature resistance.
• Hytrel: A thermoplastic polyester with good chemical resistance, flexibility, and durability for various industrial fluids.

AODD Pump Limitations

The AODD family is very versatile and offers unique benefits but there are some limitations:

Requires Continuous Air Supply

AODD pumps need a reliable, continuous supply of compressed air to function. In remote locations or applications where compressed air is not readily available, additional equipment (like air compressors) may be needed, adding to setup costs.

Efficiency and Air Consumption

AODD pumps rely on compressed air to operate, which can lead to high air consumption, especially when running at high flow rates or under heavy loads. This can increase operating costs.

Compared to other types of pumps (like centrifugal pumps), AODD pumps typically have lower energy efficiency. This can be a drawback in applications where energy efficiency is a primary concern.

If energy efficiency is a priority, Graco offers electric motor-driven double diaphragm pumps. This provides you with the benefits of an AODD with significantly lower (up to 80%) operating costs. 

Pulsing

The “back and forth” nature of the pumping operation can result in a pulsating flow. This can be mitigated with pulsation dampeners, but it may still not be ideal for applications requiring a steady, continuous flow.

Pressure

An Air-Operated Double Diaphragm (AODD) pump typically operates at a maximum pressure of around 100 psi, although certain specialty models can handle higher pressures. These pumps are generally not suitable for high-pressure applications that exceed their design limits. Most AODD pumps have a 1:1 pressure ratio, meaning the liquid discharge pressure matches the air inlet pressure. For example, if the air supply is set to 50 psi, the pump will produce a liquid discharge pressure of approximately 50 psi.

Ready to Choose the Right AODD Pump?

Explore our selection of Air-Operated Double Diaphragm (AODD) Pumps, tailored for a wide range of applications. Our team is ready to assist you in finding the perfect pump for your industry’s needs.

Tech Ag & Industrial Sales

Shane Blomendahl is a tech sales veteran at Dultmeier Sales with over 10+ years of experience in liquid handling products covering several industries and applications.

Learn More About Author

Corn, or any crop for that matter, requires nutrients to grow. In the pursuit of better yields the need for precise and timely application of these nutrients is almost as crucial as the type of nutrient itself. This typically means applying liquid fertilizer, even at the planting stage. 

Accomplishing that requires a liquid delivery system on your planter. Today we are going to look at a variety of system options, explain their pros and cons, and determine what systems are best for a variety of scenarios.  

Article Table of Contents - Click to Jump to a Section:

• Fertilizer System Overview
• Fertilizer Tanks
• Rate Control
• Pumps
• Blockage Monitoring
• Distribution
• Fertilizer System Examples

Basic Planter Fertilizer System Overview

For the purposes of this article, when we refer to different types of fertilizer systems, we are talking about the complete collection of equipment and devices used to deliver the liquid fertilizer. Including the pump, controls, hoses, valves, flow meters, etc. These systems vary widely in their complexity from the simpler systems with 12-volt pumps, to the more elaborate automatic systems with electronic flow monitors for each row. 

Many Options to Choose From

There are numerous options for each component of a planter fertilizer system because every operation has unique needs based on factors like fertilizer type, equipment, and budget.

Putting a system together requires consideration of these factors and ultimately selecting the components that provide the features you want while remaining easy enough to install and operate. 

Fertilizer System Overview

We will get into more details about different types of systems in a moment, but first, let’s look at the basic layout of a fertilizer system. While different fertilizer methods (2X2, in-furrow, etc.) will require some slight variations, these basic components are going to be required in some form.

Fertilizer System Diagram

Fertilizer Tanks

Poly tanks are the go-to option for a wide range of fertilizers, agrochemicals, and soil biologics. Most tanks used in fertilizer delivery systems are either mounted on the planter or the tractor. No matter which setup you prefer, there are kits to accommodate several different planter makes/models as well as saddle tanks and helicopter tanks for tractors. 

You can browse the various tank options here:

These kits make it pretty easy to identify a tank or set of tanks that will fit your equipment, but there are dozens of other tank sizes and shapes available if you are looking for something to fit a unique scenario. 

Rate Control

When it comes to controlling the system, there are two primary categories: automatic and manual control. Rate control refers to the mechanism used to change the volume of liquid applied. Simply put, you can opt for a system that automatically adjusts the flow as you speed up or slow down or one that requires you to manually make the adjustment. 

Manual rate control systems are generally going to be simpler to use and less expensive. This also means, however, that they lack the convenience of automatic rate control systems. Typically, they do not accommodate prescription applications or data collection as an automatic system might. If you want more information, look at this comparison between auto and manual rate control. 

Pump Type

Pump type is another vital aspect to consider, and the main types used for fertilizer application are centrifugal, diaphragm, piston, and squeeze pumps. Here are the pros and cons of using each type:

For more details on each pump type, be sure to read our article about choosing the best fertilizer pump for your planter.

Blockage Monitoring 

Monitoring fertilizer applications is essential for efficient application. Accurate flow monitors help to prevent overuse that can harm plants and waste money. Monitoring systems detect clogs early, preventing missed application areas.  

Just like with pumps and controls, there are blockage monitoring systems ranging from simple to more complex electronic meters.

“Redball”/”VisaGage” Sight Gauges

The most basic monitoring option is the liquid flow sight gauges also known as “Redball” monitors or “VisaGage” monitors. Several different companies make a version of these tools, but they all function the same.

They consist of a series of clear vertical tubes, each corresponding to a specific row. As liquid flows through the system, colored indicator balls rise in the tubes, showing the flow rate for each row in real-time. If one ball is significantly lower or higher, it signals a potential issue that the operator can address.

Flow monitors like Redball and VisaGage use color-coded balls with specific weights to indicate flow rate ranges. Lighter balls, suitable for low flow rates, require less pressure to lift, while heavier balls are designed for higher flow rates and pressures. Intermediate-weight balls cover medium ranges. The color coding allows operators to quickly and visually confirm the flow rate, simplifying monitoring and eliminating the need for manual measurements.

Every brand offers their version of visual spray monitor variations to work with different pump types and system setups. There are manifold versions and squeeze pump versions, with threaded or push-to-connect ports. You can check out the various options available here:

• John Blue VisaGage II Monitors
• Wilger Spray Monitors
• Redball Spray Monitors

Electronic Flow Sensors

In some instances, it can be hard to see the balls in the visual monitors due to the dark color of fertilizer or biological product. Unlike traditional visual flow columns, electronic flow monitor systems provide an audible alarm when a row is potentially blocked, ensuring operators can address problems quickly. Several electronic flow monitor systems exist that allow you to monitor all the rows on a console in the cab of the tractor:

CDS-John Blue Liquid Blockage Monitors (LMBS)

John Blue offers blockage monitor sensors that can be added to their visual monitors. These sensors have magnets that sense the ball inside the flow monitor columns, and when a ball drops below the desired range the system gives you a visual and audible indication on a display in the cab. 

 John Blue offers both a wired version with a simple display panel and a wireless version that can be paired with an iPad. The wireless iPad version provides a visual indication of the ball levels in each monitor while the simpler wired version only provides an indication if there is a block.

Wilger Electronic Flowmeter (EFM)

The Wilger EFM is an electronic flowmeter which installs in the liquid line of each row. The EFM uses a paddle wheel to measure the flow rate and sends a wireless signal to a tablet in the cab. Both color-coded visual indicators and audible alarms can be set to user preference for near-instantaneous monitoring of each row. The Wilger EFM system can monitor up to 196 separate rows, up to 10 sections, and can be easily retrofitted to your existing visual spray monitors. 

Check out the Wilger EFM system here. 

Distribution

While major components like the tanks and pump may be the costliest items, your distribution system should not be overlooked. If you do not have the proper method to evenly divide the fertilizer over each row, your ROI will greatly decrease. 

Flow dividers, orifices discs, and microtubing are all viable options, but how do you decide which one to use?  Well, the type of pump you use will ultimately determine which route you take. Let’s look at the primary methods of flow distribution and when to use them.  

Orifices Discs

Orifices are small stainless discs that control the flow rate by restricting the flow of liquid. Orifice discs are a simple and cost-effective distribution method which are typically used in 12V or centrifugal pump systems. They can be used as the nozzle or outlet and “dribble” fertilizer on the ground or installed inline ahead of a fertilizer rebounder or stainless tube.

Orifices can also be installed on the top of the visual flow monitors (Redball). The benefit of this is less components down near the row unit that can get plugged up or potentially damaged. 

*Stainless orifice disc and 18999EPR gasket installed in check valve nozzle bodies and cap.

Microtubing

One drawback of using orifice discs is that they are prone to plugging, especially when using products that have suspended solids in them.  , on the other hand, provides the same metering ability as an orifice with a larger fluid path, and this larger fluid path reduces the risk of blockages happening.

Different size diameters of tubing correlate to different flow rates (GPM).  The tubing acts like an orifice, restricting the flow to deliver certain flow rates at various pressures. The difference is that the inside diameter of the tubing does not need to be as small as an orifice that provides the same relative flow rates because the friction loss of the fluid is extrapolated out over the entire length of tubing. In short, the fluid passes through a wider opening and has less risk of plugging while still delivering the same flow rates. 

Microtubing is a great option with soil biologicals and really viscous fertilizers. You can check out the different Identifying the proper size requires doing some math, you can reach out to us for help. 

Flow Dividers

A flow divider is a device that splits the liquid that enters it evenly across each outlet. It is not simply a manifold; it is specially designed for even distribution. There is no need for orifices or additional metering as there would be with a basic manifold.  

Flow dividers are used with ground-drive piston pumps. The total rate you want to apply per acre is set on the pump. Whatever the incoming flow rate from the pump, the divider splits it up accurately.

Explore John Blue Flow Dividers

Fertilizer Placement

Getting the fertilizer delivered to the desired target is vital. In many cases, the fertilizer is simply dribbled on the ground but there are specific tools for in-furrow/pop-up and 2x2 applications. Totally Tubular stainless steel placement tubes are precision-engineered for several planter models and will allow you to apply fertilizer efficiently.

Planter Fertilizer Setup Examples

12-Volt Pump Fertilizer Systems

Building your planter fertilizer system around a 12V pump is a low-cost, simple option. The basic setup would include the pump, pump speed controller, flow gauges, check valves, and orifice discs. In addition to these pieces, you will also need hose, fittings, zip ties, etc. 

Here is what this complete setup looks like: 

Dultmeier offers pre-boxed kits that contain components for 6-, 8-, 12-, and 16-row planters. These kits can also be customized for drills or planters with any number of rows or dual product placement needs. You can also easily upgrade from the basic sight gauge monitors to electronic flow monitors if desired.  You can see all the options

12-Volt Fertilizer Pump System Pros 

• Low cost
• Simple to setup
• Simple to troubleshoot

12-Volt Fertilizer Pump System Cons

• 12V pumps not a long-term option as the motors and internals tend to wear out sooner compared to other pump types.
• Rapid pump cycling can lead to overheating
• Limited to about 5 gallons per minute flow rates

A 12-volt pump system will typically be adequate for 5-10 gallons per acre on 12-row planters traveling up to about 5 mph. You can use this GPM calculator to help determine the flow rate you will need from your pump. If you need to apply a rate above 10 GPA or have a planter larger than 12 rows, a centrifugal pump may be the right choice for you. 

You can replace the 12-volt pump in the above kit with a hydraulic-driven centrifugal pump and use all the same components except the speed controller. Instead of the speed controller, you will need a rate control console and regulating valve or a rate control console and pump equipped with a PWM motor. 

Ground Drive Fertilizer Systems

Another simple planter fertilizer option is to utilize a ground drive pump. It offers automatic rate adjustment because the pump is driven by a planter shaft or ground drive assembly, the speed of the pump changes in direct relation to the speed of the planter. This is accomplished without the need for a rate controller or other electronics. 

In addition to the pump, the other key components are the flow divider and the spray monitor columns. As mentioned earlier in this article, a flow divider evenly splits the liquid among each row. Because the fluid is already divided, we don’t need the manifold-style flow monitors. Instead “squeeze pump” or independent columns with individual inlets and outlets are used to monitor the flow.

Dultmeier offers all of these components in our “ground drive” planter kits to go along with a John Blue piston pump. The diagram below shows the layout of a ground drive fertilizer setup. Note that with a flow divider, there is no need for orifices downstream.

Ground Drive Fertilizer Pump System Pros 

• Simple to setup and troubleshoot
• Higher flow rates than 12V systems
• Automatic rate adjustment without electronics

Ground Drive Fertilizer Pump System Cons

• More expensive pumps
• Gritty products or biologics with suspended solids may damage the pump

Conclusion

Choosing the right planter fertilizer system is crucial for maximizing crop yield and ensuring efficient nutrient application. By understanding the components—tanks, pumps, flow control systems, monitoring tools, and distribution methods—you can tailor a system to your operation’s specific needs, budget, and fertilizer type. The key is ensuring all components work harmoniously for precise and reliable application.

For assistance in selecting or upgrading your system, Dultmeier offers a variety of solutions and expert support to help you achieve your goals.

Tech Ag & Industrial Sales

Shane Blomendahl is a tech sales veteran at Dultmeier Sales with over 10+ years of experience in liquid handling products covering several industries and applications.

Learn More About Author

Maintaining your RO system properly not only ensures spot-free results in your car wash but also extends the lifespan of your equipment. One of the most important aspects is replacing the RO membrane. This guide will cover how often you should change your RO membranes, what signs indicate it’s time for a replacement, and the tools and equipment you’ll need to perform this task effectively. Let’s dive in.

Understanding RO Membranes and Their Importance

An RO membrane is a core component of your RO system, responsible for filtering out dissolved solids, contaminants, and other impurities from the water. Over time, the membrane's ability to filter water diminishes due to several factors, primarily scaling and general wear and tear, making regular replacement necessary to maintain optimal water quality.

Chlorine filters are essential to prevent chlorine from entering the membranes, as chlorine will cause rapid damage and failure. Additionally, a water softener is typically required to reduce water hardness to zero before it enters the membranes. When newly installed, the membranes take TDS down to zero.

How Often Should You Change Your RO Membranes?

Generally, RO membranes can last up to about 1 to 5 years, but the exact lifespan depends more on system usage and water quality than on time alone. Rather than focusing on a specific timeframe, it’s best to monitor the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) level in the water your system produces. When TDS levels start to rise, it indicates that the membrane is less effective and may need replacing. This approach helps you avoid unnecessary changes while ensuring optimal water quality.

Here are some key considerations to help you determine the optimal time to replace your membranes:

Water Quality and Pre-Treatment

• The quality of your incoming water greatly affects the lifespan of the membrane. High levels of water hardness, iron, or chlorine will greatly affect membrane life. If your water supply has high levels of these contaminants, you will likely need to replace membranes more frequently.

• Pre-treatment options, such as sediment filters, carbon filters, and water softeners are very important for extending membrane life by reducing the burden on the RO membrane. 

You can contact our sales team for help selecting pre-treatment options.

System Usage

• The more frequently your RO system is used, the faster the membrane will become filled with contaminants, and performance will go down. For car wash operations with heavy daily usage, you may need to replace the membrane more frequently.
• In contrast, for systems used less frequently or with lower output, a membrane will last much longer.

Regular Monitoring and Maintenance

Performing weekly TDS checks is a key to monitoring the condition of your RO membrane. A handheld TDS meter can help you measure the TDS levels in the permeate (filtered water). If TDS readings exceed 40 ppm, it’s time to replace the membrane, as spotting generally occurs at this reading and above.

Regular maintenance and monitoring can help catch issues early, preventing costly replacements and downtime. Cleaning the inlet filter and solenoid can prevent strain on the membrane. Your water softener should also be backflushed periodically. Many systems have an automatic backflush feature that cleans the filter media by flushing out accumulated contaminants, dirt, and debris, helping maintain the filter’s efficiency and lifespan.

Testing the TDS with a Handheld Meter

Step-by-Step Instructions for Testing TDS with a Handheld Meter

1. Prepare a Clean Sample Container:
• Collect a cup or use the cap of the meter to hold your water sample.
• Rinse the container thoroughly to ensure it is free of any contaminants.
2. Collect the Water Sample:
• Use the container to collect a sample of the permeate (filtered water) from your RO (Reverse Osmosis) system.
3. Turn on the TDS Meter:
• Remove the cap from the TDS meter.
• Press the ON button to activate the meter.
4. Insert the Meter into the Sample:
• Place the TDS meter into the water sample up to the “ribbed” section on the meter for an accurate test (see image below).
5. Swirl the Meter:
• Gently swirl the TDS meter in the water for about 10 seconds to ensure the water flows consistently around the sensor.
6. Hold the Reading:
• Press the HOLD button on the meter to lock in the reading. This will allow you to remove the meter from the water without losing the result.
7. Read and Record the TDS Level:
• Check the TDS level displayed on the screen in parts per million (ppm).
• The meter will hold this reading for approximately 20 seconds, giving you time to record the result.

Dultmeier Item #HMTDS4

Signs It’s Time to Replace Your RO Membrane

Apart from monitoring TDS, there are additional signs that indicate it may be time for a new membrane:

• High TDS Levels: If TDS readings start to increase rapidly or are above 40 ppm despite cleaning or flushing the system, this is a clear indicator that the membrane is no longer effective.
• Decreased Water Production: A significant reduction in the system’s output or water flow could mean that the membrane is fouling or needing service.
• Visible Spotting on Vehicles: For car wash systems, if you notice water spots on vehicles after washing, this suggests that the membrane isn't producing spot-free water.
• Increased RO System Noise: An underperforming pump or noisy operation could indicate that the membrane is placing too much strain on the system.

RO systems are complex and you can find more details in our guide to RO system troubleshooting.

Recommended Tools and Equipment for RO System Maintenance

To keep your RO system running smoothly, equip yourself with the following tools and replacement parts:

Replacement RO Membranes

Choose the right membrane based on your system’s specifications. Dultmeier offers a selection of RO membranes from several different manufacturers and systems.   

• Browse RO Membranes

TDS Meters

Handheld TDS meters are essential for regular monitoring. You can use these to quickly check if your membrane is maintaining water at the appropriate quality standards.

Pre-Treatment Filters

• Sediment Filters: Protect the membrane from debris and particles.
• Carbon Filters: Remove chlorine and organic compounds that can damage the membrane.
• Water Softeners: Prevent hard water scaling, extending membrane life.

Best Practices for Extending RO Membrane Life

Perform Regular Maintenance

Schedule routine checks on the prefilter, membrane, pump, softener, and carbon bottle. Replacing prefilters regularly will reduce the load on the membrane, ensuring it lasts longer.

Flush the System Periodically

Run a flush cycle to remove accumulated debris and scale from the membrane. This should be done according to your system's maintenance schedule or as needed based on water quality.

Dultmeier offers RO systems with automatic flush mode, you can learn more about these systems here.  

Invest in High-Quality Pre-Treatment Solutions

Adding carbon filters, sediment filters, or water softeners will help protect your membrane from harmful contaminants and extend its service life.

Monitor Water Quality Weekly

Using TDS meters for regular monitoring helps you detect when the membrane begins to deteriorate. By staying ahead of TDS increases, you can replace the membrane before it causes major issues.

Conclusion

Changing your RO membrane every 1 to 5 years is a general guideline, but regular monitoring and maintenance play a critical role in determining the actual replacement schedule. By keeping a close eye on TDS levels, addressing any performance drops, and using quality replacement parts and pre-treatment equipment, you can maximize the efficiency and lifespan of your RO system.