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The commercial spraying industry continues to improve technology. At this point, incremental gains can make a tremendous impact and that incremental gain can be as smaller than a 60 micron droplet. If you have a new spray rig, you're probably not alone. Favorable grain prices paired with government payouts related to COVID-19 have allowed many operations to afford asset upgrades this past year. Maybe that asset upgrade came with Pulse Width Modulation technology? If so, this post is a must read for you prior to sizing your spray nozzles this season.

Speak at length with anyone involved in the ag sprayer industry about the new advances in sprayer technology, and there is a solid chance you'll hear the phrase "pulse-width modulation" mentioned. Although the technology isn't exactly new, advancements in spray nozzle design and overall efficiency of pulse-width modulation (PWM) spray systems arrive on the market every year, along with a slew of new PWM spray nozzles.

Following up on our article on sprayer nozzle sizing, we'll focus on explaining how PWM systems work and provide you example-based guidance for how to size a PWM spray nozzle on your own. We'll also explore the benefits of PWM spraying and why it may be time to consider making the switch from a conventional sprayer system to one outfitted with PWM spray nozzles and accessory components. Read on for all the details and be sure to use the table of contents to help you get around.

Pulse-width Modulation Explained

Pulse-width modulation was first developed for the agriculture industry in the 1990s by Dr. Ken Giles, a professor of Biological and Agricultural Engineering at the University of California, Davis, and Capstan Ag Systems. For many farmers and agronomists today, however, pulse-width modulation still presents considerable degrees of uncertainty and understanding. So, let's clear up the confusion.

Pulse-width modulation, in ag-related terms, refers to how liquid flow rates are controlled via an electronic signal and shut off valve. Unlike conventional sprayer booms, a PWM system features nozzle bodies each equipped with an electric solenoid. As this solenoid turns on and off-typically an average of 10 times a second-an intermittent, pulsed spray is created through the nozzle. The proportion of time that the solenoid is open is known as the pulse width or duty cycle. It's this percentage of time the nozzle is open vs. closed that ultimately dictates your rate of application.

Cross-section illustration of a PWM solenoid-actuated nozzle body.

Because duty cycle plays such a significant role in determining proper sprayer calibration for PWM operation and PWM nozzle sizing, it's best we dive a little deeper into how this concept works. That way, you will know exactly how to choose the proper size spray nozzle for your specific agricultural operation.

Duty Cycle - The Driving Force Behind PWM

One of the limitations of conventional sprayer systems is that nozzle flow varies indirectly with sprayer pressure. As the sprayer speeds up, the system must adjust pressure to also adjust flow rate to deliver the same application rate per acre. Generally, a device called a rate controller automatically recalculates the necessary adjustments for you. So, when the sprayer increases speed, the rate controller causes spray pressure to increase as well until the flow rate sensor shows that the nozzle flow is enough to maintain the target application rate desired.

There are two related problems with these conventional spray systems. First, pressure must be increased significantly in order to increase flow rate as speed is increased. For instance, nozzle pressure must be doubled for nozzle flow to increase by just 41%. Moreover, pressure must be tripled to increase flow by 73%. Most sprayer pumps cannot achieve this doubling or tripling of their output while increasing flowrate.

Secondly, sprayer tips are very sensitive to changes in spray pressure. Go too slow and the lower pressure can cause the spray pattern to collapse. The result is poor, inconsistent coverage. Drive too fast, though, and your droplet size becomes finer, creating drift problems. This delicate balance means traditional sprayers must remain within a very specific, narrow speed range, which is not always possible given field conditions or with variable rate applications.

A key aspect in PWM systems is that spray nozzle output is no longer tied solely to sprayer pressure. Instead, PWM systems focus on duty cycle. Again, duty cycle is the proportion of time that the solenoid is open/on, meaning the percentage of time that your spray nozzles are actually spraying.

Typical duty cycle ranges are between 20-100%. Although lower duty cycles are possible, they are not recommended since droplet size and spray pattern can become inconsistent.

During operation, every nozzle can spray at its maximum flow (100% duty cycle) or a fraction of its flow capability. That means a nozzle operating at a 20% duty cycle will deliver about one-fifth of the flow of a spray nozzle spraying 100% of the time. Even so, the pulses occur so quickly that spray pattern and droplet size won't be adversely affected.

What does this mean in practice? For one, while duty cycle is still linked to changes in sprayer speed, the spray pressure remains constant. This enables a sprayer operator to make pressure adjustments to maximize coverage or drift control independent of speed and the rate of application. The end result is a spray application that is not only more accurate but also more consistent across diverse field conditions.

Calculating Duty Cycle

Duty cycle directly correlates to ground speed. When calculating duty cycle to correctly size your PWM spray nozzles, you want to aim for an average speed around 75% duty cycle. For example, if you figure you'll travel between 10 and 20 MPH while spraying, you'll want to choose your spray nozzle for an average speed of 15 MPH-or 75% of your maximum speed. This gives you plenty of flexibility to adjust the duty cycle up or down if you experience unexpected changes in speed without compromising your droplet size or spray pattern integrity.

Selecting the Appropriate Spray Nozzle for PWM Systems

Since the means of controlling nozzle flow rate is different between traditional sprayer setups and those with pulse-modulation, sizing PWM nozzles likewise differs a bit from conventional spray tips. This means that you won't necessarily be able to use traditional flow rate tabulation charts to size your nozzles. No need to fear, though. The PWM spray nozzle sizing process is still easy to understand.

There are three things to remember when selecting PWM nozzles. For starters, you want to always choose wider angle spray nozzles for pulse-width systems. One of the biggest concerns regarding PWM spraying is the risk of application "skips" as you move through the field. Wider angle nozzles such as 110° flat fans ensure you'll produce enough overlap in your spray coverage to eliminate skipping.

Additionally, you'll want to avoid using air-inducted spray nozzles for PWM spraying. The introduction of air can compromise the spray pattern and droplet size as the nozzle pulses off and on. As shown in the video below (at 3:18), this deterioration of droplet size is especially obvious upon the valve pulsing off, where residual air causes the application to dribble out from the air inlets-thus rendering the spray nozzle ineffective.

Now, new advancements have been made regarding air-induced nozzles regarding pulse-width modulation. TeeJet, for example, has several air-induced nozzles that have been approved for PWM use. However, your best bet is still to use non-air-inducted nozzles such as the Turbo TeeJet and Turbo TwinJet. The Greenleaf Soft Drop or Blended Pulse Dual Fan (BPDF) series or Wilger ComboJet series are good options, too.

Finally, an important point to remember when using PWM systems is that nozzle pressure is different than boom pressure. This is because nozzle pressure/flow is now controlled by the solenoids which are independent of your overall system's pressure reading. As the solenoids turn off and on, a pressure drop needs to be accounted for with higher boom pressure.

Difference between gauge pressure and nozzle pressure for an 0.8 nozzle.

For example, for a 110-04 spray tip, the average drop is only about 3 PSI. A larger 110-08 tip, however, will push the limits of the solenoid even further, creating a greater decrease in pressure. This can be anywhere from 6 PSI at 30 PSI gauge pressure to 13 PSI at 60 PSI gauge pressure! If the pressure drops too low, the nozzle won't be able to form a uniform spray pattern and droplet size. Therefore, the larger the nozzle orifice, the greater the boom pressure required to compensate.

PWM charts calculate against this pressure drop and offer speed ranges for operating specific nozzles at a given gauge pressure.

Sizing PWM Sprayer Nozzles

Alright, let's size some spray nozzles. A few things you'll need to know ahead of time:

• Target application rate
• Typical average speed
• Desired droplet size

Using these three components, you'll be able to quickly find the correct spray nozzle size for your PWM application.

Once you start looking at the charts, just like with conventional spray tips, you want to select a PWM nozzle which falls near the center of the pressure range for your desired droplet size. In most cases, this will be between 40 and 70 PSI for the best pattern and droplet size retention. However, it's difficult to suggest the proper droplet size and nozzle type for every application. As always, check your chemical labels for proper application droplet size before beginning.

Sizing Greenleaf PWM Nozzles

For this first example, we're going to find a nozzle within the Greenleaf line of spray nozzles using their PWM tabulation chart. To start, we take our target application rate, let's say 12.5 GPA on 20" spacing, and set our average speed at 15 MPH. Keep in mind we want to maintain a 75% duty cycle through the field. This means we can go as fast as 20 MPH (100%) or as slow as 5 MPH (25%) without exceeding our chosen nozzle's pressure rating or compromising our droplet size or application rate. Our droplet size for this example is Coarse to Very Coarse.

Next, moving down the 75% duty cycle column, we find where our average speed of 15 MPH falls within the 40 to 60 PSI gauge pressure range. Looking left, we see that the best fit is a 0.8 nozzle. We can also readily see that only one nozzle, the BPDF, will provide our desired droplet size.

We could've chosen an 0.7 nozzle, but we're already pushing the pressure limits of that nozzle at our speed. If our average speed was to increase by even one mile to 16 MPH, our droplet size would decrease to Medium. Choosing an 0.8 nozzle still retains our Course-Very Course droplet size even if we were to decrease pressure or speed.

Sizing TeeJet PWM Nozzles

TeeJet has a similar approach to sizing PWM nozzles, though their tabulation chart works a bit differently. Instead of providing you with the duty cycle columns, they simply display your minimum/maximum speed range. This means you have to calculate what the 75% duty cycle speed would be on your own. Once you have that however, you can quickly find your ideal spray nozzle.

In the example below, we chose to apply a 15 GPA at 10 MPH with a desired Ultra Coarse or Extremely Course droplet size. We actually have two nozzle options to choose from in this case-the Turbo TeeJet Induction (TTI) and TTI TwinJet (TTI60). Both are again in the 0.8 size.

We also have the Air-Inducted Turbo TwinJet (green box) with an XC droplet size if we wanted. However, the larger UC droplet size of the other two nozzles and the fact that they aren't air induction nozzles makes them better options.

Sizing Wilger PWM Nozzles Using the Wilger Tip Wizard

Wilger has made selecting their Combo-Jet nozzles for PWM systems even easier via their online Tip Wizard. Here, simply enter your GPA, speed, and target droplet size into the specific fields. You'll also enter nozzle spacing, spray tip angle, and which PWM system you're operating on. Many PWM systems, from Capstan PinPoint to Case AimCommand, Raven Hawkeye to John Deere ExactApply have different actuation speeds. The Tip Wizard will then provide you a list of the best nozzle options given your specifications.

For a complete guide to using Wilger's Tip Wizard and understanding results when sizing nozzles for PWM, click here. They even have a video walkthrough if you prefer that option.

Advantages of Using Pulse Width Modulation Nozzles

Although there is no indication that conventional spray nozzles will become obsolete in the near future, the rise of PWM nozzles will undoubtedly continue to assume an increasing share of the industry. And for good reason.

First, PWM spray nozzles allow you to maintain constant pressure across a wide range of speeds. Having a wider range of travel speeds means that even when speeding up or slowing down through the field, you retain the necessary pressure-and therefore droplet size-to correctly apply your desired chemical rate without sacrificing coverage.

Drift control is another benefit of using PWM nozzles. While PWM systems do not significantly improve drift control alone, they do make it easier. This is because they offer a wider speed range to work with, meaning you can use larger sprayer nozzles designed for coarser spray patterns. Even if you tweaked your pressure higher or lower, your duty cycle would internally adjust to apply the same application regardless of speed. The larger droplet sizes then allow you optimal drift control.

Illustration of turn application rates for conventional spray system with rate controller only (left) vs. a PWM system with nozzle-by-nozzle turn compensation capability (right)

Finally, greater precision. The consistency across numerous speeds means PWM spray nozzles provide incredible application accuracy. Reduction in chemical costs, fewer over- or underapplications, and less drift potential gives PWM operators much more control over their spray operation. Many systems today even have the capability of controlling individual nozzle flows. This nozzle-by-nozzle sectional control enables greater turn compensation and more accurate, site-specific application through the field.

This feature is especially important when turning around at the end of the row. When turning in a conventional sprayer system, the inner boom nozzles become effectively stationary and substantially over apply chemical. Meanwhile, the outside boom nozzles move faster than the application rate can be accurately applied. PWM systems featuring turn compensation such as Capstan's PinPoint overcome this by individually controlling each nozzle, maximizing efficiency and accuracy.

Final Thoughts

As industry leaders continue developing new, better PWM spray equipment systems, understanding PWM technology and how to apply it to your own operation becomes increasingly important. Not unlike sizing conventional sprayer tips, choosing the correct PWM spray nozzle plays an integral role in ensuring the accuracy and efficiency of your sprayer system. After all, your application is only as good as your spray tip.

For any questions regarding sprayer tip sizing and PWM spray systems, be sure to check us out at dultmeier.com or give us a call at 888-667-5054. We're happy to assist you with whatever questions you may have and provide you the technical expertise and diverse products necessary to get you back in the field. Let us help you find what you're after today so that you get the best sprayer performance possible.

Your Experts in Delivering Fluid Handling Solutions - WE KNOW FLOW!

Whether it's 1980 or 2021 - Dultmeier Sales fields thousands of calls each spring on this topic alone. How do I size my spray nozzles? We don't help you select the type of spray tip for your application(s) - we advise you to consult your agronomist in this instance so they can get eyes on the crop situation to help develop a custom plan for your operation. That being said, once you've identified which type of nozzle(s) you need, we can absolutely assist in the sizing of said nozzles. This post is a great resource to use that helps to outline what we do just about every day during spring.

It's spring, and with the frenzy of field preparation, fertilizing, and putting seed in the ground on everyone's mind, the height of the planting season is nearly upon us. This time of the year also signals, if you haven't started already, that the time for you to begin readying your sprayer for your early season spraying is fast approaching.

Between calibrating your sprayer pump and checking all your hoses, you already have a lot to get done in order for your sprayer to be ready for the field. One of the most important parts of your sprayer prep; however, is ensuring that you have the correct sprayer nozzles appropriately sized for the chemical and fertilizer solutions you're looking to apply.

Without serious attention to detail, improper nozzle sizing can lead to a multitude of mistakes and delays when you can least afford them, not to mention the increased costs. In this article, we'll examine the proper approaches for how to size nozzles for various spray application types and how to attain ideal nozzle coverage and drift control. We'll also share why correct sprayer nozzle sizing is so important to your sprayer and crop performance. Read on at your leisure or use our table of contents to help you navigate through the article to find the answers you're looking for.

Nozzle Sizing Information to Know Before You Begin

Sprayer nozzle sizing can often be a confusing bit of business, especially with new tips and nozzles being designed every season. Pulse width modulation anyone? Luckily, the way you decide which nozzles you need has remained essentially the same for years. The first step is ensuring you have three pieces of critical information:

• Rate of application - in gallons per acre (GPA)
• Average sprayer speed - in miles per hour (MPH)
• Nozzle spacing - in inches (W)

Once you have those pieces of information nailed down, you can then plug them into a standardized formula and calculate how many gallons per minute (GPM) that you need to apply. Here's the formula:

GPA x MPH x W / 5,940 = GPM (per nozzle)

Knowing the number of gallons per minute you need to spray then allows you to reference a sprayer nozzle sizing chart that you can use to locate the ideal nozzle size for your specific sprayer setup. There are also plenty of tip sizing tools available online that calculate the best tip size for you. You can try our GPM calculator or use these from the nozzle manufacturers:

• Wilger
• TeeJet

In the next section, we'll put this formula into practice and walk you through a few examples of how to size your sprayer nozzles for different chemical and fertilizer applications so you have a better idea of how to approach it on your own.

Sprayer Nozzle Sizing for Different Applications

Although sizing spray nozzles is largely uniform across the board, there are a few slight differences in how to size a sprayer tip depending on the type of liquid solution you're applying. Here, we've included the two most common application types when sizing broadcast nozzles: chemical/water solutions and liquids heavier than water.

Sizing for Ag Chemicals and Water Solutions

A vast majority of your sprayer applications will fall under this category since it includes most of your herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and other common ag chemicals. Sizing nozzles for this type of application is also the most straightforward since you're using water as the base agent and aren't having to adjust for a higher relative density.

Relative density, also commonly referred to as specific gravity (SG), is the ratio of density-or mass of a unit volume-of a substance to the density of a standard reference material. For liquids, specific gravity is almost always measured against water since water has a specific gravity of 1.0. When calculating the application rate of liquids heavier than water, you must use a conversion factor to compensate for the higher solution density. We'll cover more on these conversion factors when we discuss sizing sprayer nozzles for liquids heavier than water a bit later. For now, though, assume that our examples are calculated with the SG of water.

Now, many sprayer nozzle sizing charts will display a wide selection of common spraying speeds. If your speed is already in the table, simply cross-reference your nozzle spacing and speed and locate the GPA you want to apply. But what if the speed you want to spray at isn't shown on the table? This is where the formula plays such an important role.

Shows how to find nozzle size for 8 GPA at 6 MPH for 20" nozzle spacing when all information is listed in the chart.

So, example time.

Let's say we want to spray 20 gallons per acre of 2,4-D. Our average sprayer speed in the field is 12 miles per hour (not shown in the table), and we are operating on 20-inch nozzle spacing. Our formula would look something like this:

20 x 12 x 20 / 5940 = 0.808 GPM (per nozzle)

Let's also say that we want a course droplet size and are looking to use a Turbo Teejet wide-angle spray tip. Taking our 0.808 gallons per nozzle rate and using the Teejet sizing chart for this model of spray tip, we scroll down the Capacity in One Nozzle column to the nozzle size most closely matching our desired specifications. In this example, that would be the white tip nozzle.

It's best practice to find a nozzle that meets the GPM rate as close to the middle of the PSI range as possible. This is important in relation to your speed. Most spraying systems rely on largely consistent speeds across the entire field for the optimal performance. As a result, slow down too much, such as at the end rows, and you compromise your spray pattern and improperly apply your chemicals. Go too fast, and your sprayer pump may not be able to match your new pressure rate for the nozzles you have, setting off system alarms.

Even if your sprayer pump can match the higher speed, your droplet size then becomes much smaller, increasing your risk of drift. Neither case is what you want. Having a spray nozzle in the middle of the range ensures that you're able to maintain spray pattern, solution density, and droplet size-even with slight rises and drops in speed.

Sizing for Ag Liquids Heavier Than Water

When sizing your spray nozzles for liquid solutions heavier than water, such as liquid fertilizer, you'll follow a very similar process as sizing nozzles for your water-based ag chemicals. The difference in sizing for this type of application; however, is that you need to adjust for the higher density of your solution. You accomplish this by using a density conversion factor seen in the chart below.

So, let's say we wanted to apply some liquid nitrogen fertilizer. Using the conversion chart above with our previous example, our formula would look like this:

20 GPA x 12 MPH x 20 W / 5940 = (0.808 x 1.13 Con. ) = 0.91 GPM

In this case, you'd still use the white nozzle tip from our previous example since the 0.91 GPM still falls near the middle of the pressure range for the course droplet size desired. If your speed is shown in the chart, simply take your intended GPA multiplied by your conversion factor to locate your nozzle size.

The key in either case is to factor in the conversion factor before you reference the sizing chart. Otherwise, you'll select the wrong spray nozzle and wind up with improper droplet size and inaccurate application. In the next sections we'll examine why these two ideas, spray coverage and droplet size, are tied so closely to the idea of proper nozzle sizing.

Nozzle Spacing and Spray Heights for Proper Coverage and Overlap

It should come as no surprise that sizing your spray tips correctly is just as important as where you put them on your sprayer. In fact, nozzle spacing and sprayer boom height are two aspects you mustn't ignore when choosing the size of the spray tip that you need.

For starters, nozzle placement-both width between nozzles on the boom and the height of the nozzles above the ground-determines how well your spray coverage theoretically performs based upon the fan angle a nozzle has. Most setups will use some type of nozzle which creates a fan-shaped spray pattern. This means that the heaviest concentration of spray is at its center and tapers off to nothing at the edges. Common sprayer systems operate on 20, 30, or 40-inch nozzle spacing, and the arrangement of nozzles at these spacings determines how uniformly your application is ultimately applied.

To achieve uniform application; however, you'll need to create a pattern overlap in your spray coverage. Overlap-or the combining of spray patterns-is necessary, particularly in broadcast spraying, because the outer edges of spray patterns don't have uniform volume distribution. Without overlapping coverage, you risk leaving portions of your field under-treated or even skipped. That means you'll likely spend more time and money correcting the mistake.

Illustration of spray pattern overlap.

Factors that affect spray nozzle overlap

Three factors affect overlap in relation to sprayer nozzle sizing. First of all, your nozzle fan angle determines the total width of the spray pattern. The wider the fan angle, the wider the spray pattern. Today, 80-degree and 110-degree fan angles are the most used nozzle angles in agriculture applications, though others are available. Second, spray tip spacing. The closer the nozzles are to one another, the more the patterns will overlap. Farther apart, and the amount of overlap is lessened.

Finally, adjusting your spray tip height will further affect how much overlap you have. The higher the boom, the more overlapping because each pattern has more room to spread out. Another good thing to remember regarding the height of your spray tips is that the higher above the row your boom/tips are, the more susceptible to wind and drift your solutions are. We'll touch on this a bit more in relation to droplet sizing in the next section, but for now keep it in mind.

Now, unsurprisingly, not all spray nozzles are the same. Finding the proper height in relation to your nozzle spacing then is imperative. In the table below for example, you can see the height recommendations of various TeeJet nozzle series based upon nozzle fan angle and boom spacing.

In most cases, your ideal overlap for broadcast spray nozzles is approximately 30%. Adjusting your nozzle spacing and boom height accordingly will give you the best chance to maintain adequate, uniform coverage across the entirety of your system, even when other variables such as wind speed and pressure decreases occur.

Maintaining Droplet Size for Optimal Drift Control

Finally, we want to share a few words on droplet size. Namely, follow your labels.

After all, the label is the law! Not following how a specific chemical or pesticide is meant to be applied can create serious damage to not only your crops, but your fellow farmers' as well. This has become especially important when dealing with volatile chemicals like Dicamba.

Burn damage caused by Dicamba drift.

Make sure that you've chosen and sized a sprayer nozzle capable of producing the appropriate droplet size recommended for the chemical you're applying. If the label lists a specific nozzle or droplet size to use, follow those listings to a T. Furthermore, install your spray tips at the proper boom height and operate at the required pressure range to achieve the stated recommended droplet size of a given chemical. This will significantly reduce the likelihood you experience issues with 'hanging' droplets and drifting.

Consulting the spray label is just smart practice. It can determine whether or not you need to make any additional adjustments to your spray equipment or need to purchase additional nozzle accessories to attain the right nozzle spacing and droplet size specifications.

Importance of Proper Sprayer Nozzle Sizing

We don't have to tell you that your time is money. When it's time for you to be spraying in the field, you can't afford troubleshooting on the fly or stopping to recalibrate your sprayer a second or third time.

Which is the exact reason why you should take the time well in advance of spraying season to research the agricultural chemicals and fertilizers you intend to apply. Running long or short of chemical means your solutions were not applied efficiently and may not work as effectively as intended.

In fact, overapplication due to poorly sized or worn out sprayer nozzles is a serious problem if left unaddressed. Ag chemicals are very expensive, and if you're over applying it, you're wasting money. All the major manufacturers that we represent recommend replacing any spray tip if it's overapplying by 10% of the rate of a new nozzle. That includes TeeJet and Hypro to Wilger, Greenleaf, and Delavan.

If you find that at least two of your nozzles are overapplying by this rate anywhere across your boom, replace every nozzle in the system. Using a sprayer nozzle calibration tool, like the one shown below, will give you the fastest and most accurate reading of how your nozzles are performing and if you need to swap them out for new ones.

SpotOn Electronic Sprayer Calibrator, 0-1.0 GPM

Incorrect spray tip sizing has ramifications on your other sprayer components as well. Your sprayer pump especially may struggle to operate at its ideal performance. This can substantially increase the wear and tear on your pump components and lead to an inability of your pump to create or hold the spray patterns and proper application density.

Conversely, your pump outperforming your spray nozzles at higher speeds can change the droplet size. Higher pressures create smaller droplet particles and lead to increased risk of drifting that can cause serious damage to you or your neighbor's crops when dealing with many of the volatile chemicals used today. Be sure to routinely examine your sprayer tips for wear of the nozzle orifice for the reason that you ensure they aren't in need of replacement in order to maintain the correct droplet size you're after.

In the end, understanding how your agriculture chemicals and fertilizers are meant to be used and their proper droplet size ensures both appropriate solution application and adequate drift prevention. Once you have that information, the rest is relatively easy.

Conclusion

Although the science behind sizing sprayer nozzles has become more dynamic in recent years, the process doesn't have to be complicated for you. Following the guidelines in this article will give you a great start to your spraying season and ensure you aren't left reworking your sprayer when you should be in the field.

Be sure to check us out at dultmeier.com or give us a call if you have additional questions regarding sprayer nozzle sizing. We offer a huge selection of TeeJet, Hypro, Greenleaf, Wilger and Delavan spray nozzles to suit your unique sprayer setups. Our team of experts will be glad to assist you with any concerns or questions you may have and discuss how to ensure you're getting the best performance from your spray nozzles.

After all, we're your Experts in Delivering Fluid Handling Solutions - WE KNOW FLOW! ®

Pressure tanks are used in a variety of applications, but a common usage is system efficiency.  For example, one reason someone might install a pressure tank in a plumbing system would be to keep the pump from constantly running.  In doing so, the pressure-regulating tank increases the longevity of the pump/motor and reduces maintenance and down time - ultimately resulting in lower operating costs.  Let's dive into a step-by-step how to of sizing a pressure tank.  

Info You NEED to KNOW Before Starting

Before beginning the process of sizing a tank, there are a few important important input data points to know in order to properly size a pressure tank:

1. Flow Rate
2. Cut-in/Cut-out Pressure
3. Target Run Time

A general rule of thumb, that most manufacturers suggest, is a run time of less than one minute if the horsepower is less than 1HP.  If the motor is over 1HP, then a good guideline to follow, is a run-time of 2 minutes or more.  Always confirm this, with your tank manufacturer of choice, as guidelines can vary.

General Rule of Thumb for Sizing a Pressure Tank

Generally, as a rule of thumb, one can follow these guidelines when sizing a pressure tank:

1. 0-10 GPM: 1 gallon of drawdown per 1 GPM of flow
2. 10-20 GPM: 1.5 gallons of drawdown per 1 GPM of flow
3. 20 GPM+: 2 gallons of drawdown per 1 GPM of flow

Drawdown can be defined as the amount of volume loss in the tank as the plumbing system "draws" off this pent up pressure. After all, the purpose of a pressure tank is to maintain pressure in a given system and give the pump a break. This way, the pump doesn't need to run constantly to remain at system pressure. While a pressure tank can appear costly up front, it will save in the long run. Less run time for the pump means less maintenance and less money in energy costs. 

There are various orientations of pressure tanks and the most common are horizontal, inline, and vertical.  Be sure to determine which orientation works best for your plumbing setup.  

Once we have identified our flow rate in gallons per minute (GPM), have identified our cut-in/cut-out pressure, and confirmed our target run time - we must determine what cut-in/cut-out pressure we want to set the system at.  

Pressure Tank Sizing Explained

An important equation to remember when sizing a pressure tank is below:

Flow Rate X Run Time = Tank Draw Down Capacity

Example: 

Let's say we have a pump that produces 5 GPM and is ran by a ¾ HP motor.  Since I'm operating a motor that is less than 1 HP, we are going to assume that "ABC Manufacturer" recommends a 1-minute runtime.  We want to design this system to cut-in (turn on) at 40psi and cut-out (turn off) at 60psi.  

5 (Flowrate) X 1 (Runtime) = 5 gallons of Draw Down (at 40/60PSI)

So, I will need to select a tank that allows for 5 gallons of draw down at a pressure setting of 40PSI cut-in and 60PSI cut-out.  If I need a vertical tank, I could select a WOMAX-220.  If my plumbing layout would accommodate a horizontal tank better, I could select a WOMAXH-220.  This would give me approximately 3.5 minutes of run time before the pump would cycle back on. Horizontal pressure tanks have a plastic pump stand so you can maximize space when designing a plumbing system. This is certainly a nice feature when working in confined spaces where space is at a premium. 

Relationship Between Pressure & Tank Size

An important thing to remember, the higher the operating pressure - the larger the tank must be. Pressure and tank size have a direct correlation - as one increases, so does the other.  The higher the pressure setting, the less the drawdown is and thus, the need for larger tank capacity.  

After we have these three points determined, we can then proceed with sizing a pressure tank.  Pressure settings are another important factor with any plumbing system.  The most common pressure settings are 30/50; 40/60; 50/70.  Most manufacturers will have a pressure tank sizing chart that will allow viewers to quickly size a tank's drawdown based upon their system's pressure settings. 

We can supply you with this information on the Wilo MaxAir® product line if you want to get into the details. Just give us a ring or visit www.dultmeier.com 24/7. Here is a drawing of a Wilo MaxAir® horizontal tank that outlines some features which set this product line apart from the rest of the pack and really make it one of the top line products in the marketplace. 

Cutaway of Wilo MaxAir Horizontal Pressure Tank

You can view the full offering of Wilo MaxAir® Pressure Tanks Right Here on dultmeier.com. As always, should you have further questions about pressure tank sizing or other applications - don't hesitate to contact us.  That's what we are here for.  Your Experts in Delivering Fluid Handling Solutions - We Know Flow!

A Look Back in Time - The History

In order to completely understand the powerhouse that TeeJet has come to be, we first must look back in the annals of time and address some of the major milestones that helped elevate the Spraying Systems brand to the worldwide leader of spray equipment. So, let's dive right in and look at the inception of the company.

Spraying Systems Co. was co-founded in 1937 by two European immigrants to form the basis of the dynasty that exists today. The company enjoyed a rather humble start in a small 600 square foot garage in Chicago, IL. I bet those two men never imagined, in their wildest dreams, how the company would evolve and grow - and what their company would achieve over the next eight decades.

TeeJet is Born

In 1947, the origins of the TeeJet spray tip were conceived. The side profile of the first spray tip embodied a "tee" shape. This combined along with the "jet" family of names is how the TeeJet name came to be. For many years, the industry only required two sizes of spray tips. One must remember that the agricultural industry was still using manure and egg shells as the primary means of fertilizer up until the late-1950s.

One of Dultmeier Sales' long time employees, Bob Hansen, joined the industry in the early 1960s and recalls that the TeeJet family had just two spray tip sizes at the time - a 5 gallon and 10 gallon capacity. Both spray tips were offered only in brass. We will circle back to the expansion of fertilizer distribution later on in this write up and how that quickly elevated TeeJet to Goliath status in the spray industry. For the time being, let's get back to the chronological progression of the company.

GunJet & TeeValve Become Staples

In 1952, TeeJet introduced their first spray gun product line. Models such as the AA43 and AA2 were the first introductions. Today, farmers have a much wider range of trigger and twist-handle guns for spot-spraying applications. Many of those products can be viewed here.

Next up was the introduction of the TeeValve in 1956. This was revolutionary in the agricultural spray industry as it allowed an operator to remotely control three boom sections on a sprayer. The compact design quickly gained popularity and became a staple in the agricultural industry. This product was so well-built and engineered that it is still used today. You can view this product here.

An offshoot of the TeeValve is the DirectoValve. This product has been slightly modified over the years. The neat feature of this product is that is extremely versatile - it can be banked together to create a manifold, or it can be used alone as a singular valve. However, this is another testament to the superb engineering and functional design from Spray Systems Co. - many of their products from the mid-1900s are still widely popular within the industry. It's neat to see the old archive below and compare it to today's version. The electric version of the DirectoValve can be viewed here.

Agricultural Spray Technology is Rapidly Expanded

In 1968, Spray Systems Co. designed the first electronic spray pattern analyzer in-house. This innovative piece of equipment allowed the company to drastically improve qualities of the expanding TeeJet family. This technology allowed the company to more accurately measure droplet size which is a critical component of nozzle design and functional application.

By now, the agricultural spray industry had been experimenting with a new fertilizer called anhydrous ammonia, or NH3, for about seven years. This wonderful fertilizer helped increase growth rates and yields of crops. Not only did it improve crop growth rates - but also weed growth rates. The TeeJet family had positioned itself superbly.

2,4-D and DDT were the primary chemicals used in the agricultural industry up until the introduction of anhydrous ammonia as a prominent fertilizer. Once weeds began to expand rapidly, as a result of this wonderful fertilizer - new formulations were necessary to keep them at bay. With new chemical formulations came the demand for new spray nozzles.

Chemical applications rapidly expanded over the next decade to combat the exploding growths of weeds - along with crops. The industry needed to quickly kill weeds to ensure that crops received as much of the fertilizer nutrients as possible. Let the weeds live and they starve crops of precious, and expensive, input resources. Rather abruptly, the industry changed its practice to combat weeds from cultivation equipment to liquid applications in the form of various chemicals. The TeeJet family was a natural fit to help fuel a major industry boom.

1970s & 1980s

This period embodied an era of rapid growth and expansion for Spraying Systems Co. 1970 marked the beginning of construction on the state-of-the-art office and manufacturing facility in Wheaton, IL. In 1976, LH AGRO was founded in Denmark by two gentlemen named Larsen and Henning. The company's first product was a grain loss monitor.

TeeJet entered the 1980s with a bang. The introduction of the Quick TeeJet system again revolutionized the agricultural spraying industry - and the rapidly growing carwash industry, as well. The 1/4-turn quick attach cap and body system substantially reduced the effort required to install or change spray tips. This system also provided an automatic spray pattern alignment across the boom for optimum distribution.

As Dultmeier Sales evolved into the carwash industry, Mike Hansen the Wash Division Manager, greatly relied on the partnership of TeeJet to help offer a solid product line for soap and wax application in self-serve carwash industry. And the Quick TeeJet product line helped Dultmeier Sales do just that. As the agricultural market struggled throughout the 1980s, the carwash industry helped to diversify both Dultmeier Sales and Spraying Systems. Even today, as you move through more sophisticated carwashes - you will see the Quick TeeJet products on many of the stationary boom structures.

The Quick TeeJet is introduced in 1981

In 1983, Midwest Technologies (Mid-Tech) was founded in Springfield, IL. Mid-Tech quickly became recognized as a pioneer of direct chemical injection systems and quickly advanced the Spraying Systems brand into the electronic sprayer & spreader control markets - and eventually into GPS guidance systems. Mid-Tech joined the TeeJet family in 2000.

In 1984, the LH1200 was launched in Europe and marked the entrance of the LH AGRO product offering into the sprayer control market. LH AGRO would eventually become a member of the TeeJet family in 2000 with a focus on electronic controls and precision farming equipment. Then, in 1985, the next major introductions into the TeeJet family came with the VisiFlo and XR TeeJet flat fan tip series.

The VisiFlo system incorporated color-coded plastic tip bodies with a stainless steel orifice. End users were able to quickly identify the tip capacity based upon the color of the spray tip - another revolution within the spray industry. The VisiFlo color-scheme quickly became the industry standard and was adopted by ISO as the worldwide standard in agricultural tip capacity identification.

The XR Flat Fan spray tip series was created based upon new manufacturing techniques that enabled the production of an orifice that offers excellent pattern formation and spray distribution across a wide range of operating pressures. The XR tip series has become the standard agricultural spray tip and continues to be one of the highest selling spray tips manufactured today.

Retro XR TeeJet and VisiFlo Bulletin

The 90s - Advanced Controls & Air Induction Spray Tips Introduced

The 1990s brought about further product diversification and advancement for Spraying Systems Co. The company acquired the ECOSpray product lines in 1993 which further expanded its offering in sprayer controls. Then, in 1995, the QJ360 nozzle turret was introduced. This multiple outlet nozzle body quickly found favor with OEMs and farmers, alike. TeeJet knocked another one out of the park with the simple design and easy use/installation of the QJ360 series.

Then, in 1998, TeeJet entered the air induction spray tip into the marketplace with the launch of the AI tip series. The combination of a pre-orifice and venturi produces large, drift-resistant droplets. TeeJet felt it was necessary to develop this product due to the continued growth in the use of non-selective herbicides like Roundup. These types of chemicals drastically increased the demand for products that reduce spray drift.

The Next Century - GPS Guidance & Precision Technology

The turn of the century lead to further product enhancements and new technologies that allow end users to become more accurate and more efficient. In 2000, the Mid-Tech Swath XL lightbar launched and marked the entrance of TeeJet into the growing GPS guidance market.

Then, in 2006 the CenterLine 220 revolutionized the GPS market - it brought GPS guidance functionality to every farmer due to the simplicity, reliability, and affordability. Easy operation paired with quick installation make this product appealing and quickly grew its popularity. You can view the current GPS guidance products from TeeJet here. Another important introduction in 2006 was the Turbo TwinJet spray tip. This was the next generation as it offered a twin spray pattern with superior drift control. Market demand for twin spray patterns experienced a rebirth during the early 2000s and TeeJet sought to capitalize on this trend.

2009 came along with another large advancement in the GPS market with the introduction of the Matrix guidance console. This product features a 3-D touchscreen interface and brings GPS guidance with live video to form the patented RealView guidance over video feature. The Matrix quickly became the preferred platform for GPS guidance. Additionally, this product allowed end users to leverage new technology called FieldPilot. Which further enhanced efficiencies and helped to reduce waste through features such as auto-steering and automatic boom section control. TeeJet GPS Guidance Systems, including the Matrix 430 can be viewed here.

The Aeros 9040 field computer was introduced in 2012 and emerged as the most powerful controller offered in TeeJet history. This field computer is targeted towards the self-propelled OEM market. Functionalities include GPS guidance, automatic rate control, automatic boom section control and droplet size monitoring.

In 2017, TeeJet introduced a couple more key products. The TTI60 TwinJet and the DynaJet Flex 7140. The TTI60 TwinJet tip/cap combined flat spray patterns and ultimate drift control capabilities of the proven TTI spray tip. The DynaJet Flex 7140 brought Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) nozzle control to the TeeJet family of electronics. The unit boasts ISOBUS compatibility for seamless integration into a wide range of control systems and machines.

The Dultmeier Sales-Spraying Systems Co. marriage goes back many years. Back to the days of just two brass spray tips and the introduction of anhydrous ammonia as a fertilizer into the agricultural industry. It's nostalgic to look back and see how far we've come. But we are eager to see what the future holds.

We hope you enjoyed this manufacturer highlight of Spraying Systems Co. - TeeJet. Stop by in the future or check out more posts here. As always, if you enjoyed this post - please give us a share.

What do we look for in a sprayer? 

Is it to merely kill weeds?  How well does a certain sprayer kill weeds?  The size - is bigger necessarily better?  Or, do we also need to assess the value of that sprayer against how long it spends in each field?  All these questions should be carefully considered when making a large investment into a piece of equipment that drastically affects the yield of your crop(s).

After all, a sprayer is one of your most important asset management tools when maintaining and ensuring your crop health - thus effectively ensuring that you get the most out of your yields - regardless of the crop you're raising.  Therefore, I think the answer to the questions above is that we must absolutely consider each question when determining a true Return on Investment (ROI) for a sprayer - regardless of the operation size or scope. 

In this write-up we will assess the four questions above.  To start, let's dissect each question at a high, strategic level.  

How Well Does a Certain Sprayer Kill Weeds?

This is a somewhat loaded question as chemical types, brands, and mix rates are involved.  But if your accessory products/equipment, which are used to move the solutions onto the plants are lacking, then your sprayer effectiveness will undoubtedly be lacking, as well.  Therefore, we must consider year-end maintenance programs.  Boom-end flow rates, line obstructions in accessory products such as strainers and valves.  Leaking pump seals, poor shaft alignment, and worn spray tips all factor into the efficiency and productivity of your sprayer.  Neglect these important features of your sprayer and your operation, and your crop yields will undoubtedly suffer.  So, to answer the question outlined in the opening paragraph - your accessory products, that are used to help move solutions, - are just as important to your operation as the sprayer itself.

Year-End Maintenance

It is necessary that a season-end maintenance program is followed to ensure your operation sees success in the ensuing season.  Follow our recommended winterization process.  Hoses, pumps, motors/engines, valves, strainers, and spray tips should all be inspected to help create a post-season inventory/repair list, in preparation of the upcoming season. 

Spray Tip Selection

Have the proper spray tips been selected for the job(s)?  Consult your local agronomist for specific details on the product(s) you will be spraying for the upcoming season.  When spraying Dicamba products, only specific spray tips are approved for each product - and at specific pressure ranges.  You can read another post related to Dicamba. Undoubtedly, always check the label of the product you are spraying to ensure you are spraying "on label".  You can have all bases covered in preparation for an upcoming season.  However, if you choose incorrectly on spray tips - or size your spray tip orifices incorrectly based upon the rates you intend to apply - the consequences could be catastrophic to your operation - or your neighbors' operations.  Here is a tip sizing tool from TeeJet.

Sprayer Size

Does bigger necessarily mean better?  It depends. If you're out in western Nebraska and have straight runs for a mile plus, then you may want to consider 120-foot booms with auto steer functionality.  However, if you're in Western Iowa and you have many fields that are 75 acres or less, you probably want to opt into a smaller, more agile spray package.  Regardless of your choice, one question should drive your purchasing decision - what is the potential ROI?

Speed and Efficiency

How long does it take to spray each field and how many acres do you anticipate covering daily?  This should be one of the largest focal points when assessing your operation.  Don't focus on non-productive time in an operational day (i.e. travel from field to field, rinse-out, rain/wind delays).  These are variables that we have little to no control over.  

However, a large area in which we do have control over is nursing, or fill, times.  If you can cut your fill times, regarding both fuel and chemical, how much more productive can you make your operation?  Let's look at some products that can help you achieve this task.  First, let's look at a study done by Praxidyn's Doug Applegate, regarding average sprayer price in comparison with cost per acre/hour.  The numbers displayed reflect average prices/costs from various suppliers/operators in a regional area in Western Iowa.

Conclusions:

• Slower loading times increase the cost per acre/hour of productivity.  Increased cost ranges from 26 to 42 percent.
• Spending 10% more for larger capacity/coverage in a sprayer will increase productivity roughly 8%.
• Spending 7% more for an automated mixing system can increase productivity by 20% to 30%.
• Smaller sprayers are actually more cost effective for their capacity. 

The main takeaway here is that, in general, an operation can lower operating costs by, roughly, 20%.   Let me repeat….20%.  And by simply shaving off 10 minutes from fill times.  It's important to note, as the sprayer size increases, the cost savings are reduced.  For instance, a sprayer with a 600-gallon tank and 90-foot boom can effectively realize over 29% savings by reducing fill times down to 5 minutes.  Consequently, when looking at a sprayer with a 1200-gallon tank and 120-foot boom, we see about 20% cost savings. 

Praxidyn MixMate

The Praxidyn system allows users to automate loads.  You can prepare loads the night before from your living room while watching TV or from an office chair.  Send the loads to the operator in the field.  No math needs to be done by the operator.  The biggest change the operator would make to the load is regarding weed height.  Upon arrival to the field, if the operator notices weed height on the order calls for six inches, and the weed height is actually 10 inches - the operator can make that adjustment to the order and the software will recalculate input quantities on the fly - no math is needed.  

Another value-added feature to the MixMate system is the ability to track and record data. Through the cloud-based software, a user can record exactly how much product was applied to each field - and the exact time of the load or batch. This will continue to be ever-more important as regulations continue to tighten. 

MixMate Fusion - New for 2019

We hope that you enjoyed this write-up on increasing sprayer efficiencies. Should you have any questions or feedback don't hesitate to get in touch with us at www.dultmeier.com!

JIT vs. Quarterly Inventory Strategies

Inventory management and the best strategy to successfully achieve maximum efficiency. It's the long-standing question of any distribution or supply channel.  What is the best methodology to follow when managing inventory?  Just-in-Time (JIT) relies heavily on the concept of inventory turns.  The more inventory turns, the less carrying cost a supplier must maintain.  Lower carrying costs result in a lower market resale price.  

JIT is one method by which suppliers can help control their costs.  Why order a year's worth of inventory when you can rely on the supply chain to help "offload" some of those costs on your partners?  Furthermore, a JIT strategy allows the business to ebb and flow with demand fluctuations within their respective market(s). 

In certain instances, a JIT strategy does hold merit.  However, at Dultmeier Sales we have a contrarian approach to this type of strategy.  While we have certain products lines where a JIT strategy does work, there are other lines where we cannot afford to not have the products on the shelf - and ready to ship promptly.

Our business is an extremely cyclical one.  Roughly 50% of our revenue comes in about a three-month period.  Due to the nature of our business, we must have inventory on-hand.  Therefore, we load up heavy in the fall and winter in preparation for the spring season.  In doing so, we allow our customers to use a JIT approach to run their businesses.  This helps our customers lower their carrying costs & provide them with fast deliveries.  Furthermore, when critical equipment failure occurs - we have the products on the shelf to get them back to operational status - as soon as possible.  

What We Do For You

We pride ourselves on being a business partner of this nature.  Inventory levels are something we constantly focus upon and look for ways in which we can continually provide better service levels with higher order fill rates and faster, more accurate shipping.  

What We Can Do For You

Because let's face it, when you're down and out - you need the part or piece of equipment fast.  By maintaining considerably larger inventory levels than the competition, we can effectively promise a 95%+ fill rate on stock orders.

That means if you order 20 items - we have 19 in stock ready to ship promptly.  And most of the time it's consolidated from one origination point - meaning we help lower and control freight costs for our customers - by reducing multiple shipment orders.  Consequently, one shipment means one freight bill. 

Who We Are

In addition to healthy inventory levels, we pride ourselves on warehouse accuracy.  In all honesty, if we have the item on the shelf, but cannot get it to the customer for whatever reason - we didn't live up to our promise of impeccable service.  Therefore, it has been and will continue to be our long-standing goal to exceed and maintain 99.8% shipping accuracy.  This means we accurately ship the item(s), and quantities, written on the sales order over 99/100 times.  

You need it - We have it. That was fast.  Pretty simple concept.  But, to produce extreme simplicity, one must solve the extremely complex.  Therefore, we continue to invest in ourselves and our operating systems.  We continually invest in our people and technology to ensure that we constantly improve and strive for the ever elusive 100% success rate for our customers.

Additional Value Added Services

We back our inventory strategy up with some of the best technical expertise in the industries we serve.  With over 250 years of combined technical experience, we have most likely run across your application question.  Furthermore, if we don't know, we will help to provide a solution that improves the efficiency of your operation - all the while, doing our best to help lower your operating costs. We invest in our people, technology, and inventory to make your business more profitable and efficient.

We also want to highlight the fact that we have a Free Freight Program that runs throughout the year. This can further help reduce costs for our customers to help them maintain a higher level of profitability. You can check out our Free Freight Program right here. 

Careers

The Inception of Banjo

The story of Banjo starts in a small garage in Crawfordsville, Indiana. We need to go back to 1959 to see where the spark ignited for Banjo. Jack Canine set out to solve problems by offering high quality products - and nothing short of that attribute. Soon after he set out to accomplish this feat, he was able to move out of the garage and established Terra-Knife. Which was a small fertilizer knife supplier that focused on delivering quality products to farmers throughout the United States.

As the agricultural industry grew, so did the small supply company known as Terra-Knife. Jack Canine and his team recognized the need to expand their product offerings. The company quickly began offering ball valves and cam lever couplings. Shortly after this product line expansion the company was renamed to Terra-Products, in an effort to better represent its added product offerings.

The name Banjo Corporation came as a result of Jack Canine's personal hobby and love for the stringed instrument. An additional factor was that the shape of one of the company's newly heralded key products, the ball valve, somewhat resembled a banjo. Thus, Terra-Products transformed into present day Banjo Corporation and rapidly expanded their production capacities of polypropylene products.

4-Bolt Ball Valves

Current Day Banjo

Let's time warp forward a few decades to 2006. Banjo Corporation joined IDEX Fluid & Metering Technologies Division. This further strengthened the IDEX global position and allowed them to deliver complete fluid handling solutions for Agricultural and Industrial applications. In today's marketplace, Banjo is recognized as a world-class producer of a broad and diverse range of mechanical/electrical valves, self-priming centrifugal pumps, and fittings for agriculture and various industrial applications. The Banjo name is prevalent wherever quality fluid handling solutions are required throughout the world.

Banjo boasts a large fleet of molding presses and numerous machining and assembly cells. OEM customers worldwide trust Banjo due to the long track record of delivery quality products. This sets Banjo apart from the rest of the pack:

• Part specification tolerances at one-ten thousandth of an inch
• 36 plastic injection-molding presses
• Capacity of up to 17,000 valves produced each day
• 3-day lead-times
• 98%+ first-pass yield

Commitment to Quality Control

In order to maintain their quality, Banjo has implemented various checks throughout their manufacturing process:

• Multiple finished goods inspections
• Daily process checks to isolate potential issues
• Monthly Rapid Improvement Events to identify opportunities where operations can be improved
• Inbound material inspection

Jack Canine ingrained a commitment to product innovation at the inception of this organization. That commitment to product innovation has continued since 1959, when Jack set out to design a better knife to apply anhydrous ammonia. Not only is Banjo committed to product innovation but to customer-driven innovation. Some examples of that include:

• Quick-change manifold systems to improve ease-of-use and versatility
• Electric valve product line tailored to specific OEM needs
• Patented Dry-Mate dry disconnects which tremendously reduce the possibility of spillage

The Banjo name is synonymous with high quality products delivered on time. From oilfield applications all the way to cornfield applications you can see the Banjo name prominently displayed on various valves, fittings, and couplers. Here is a link to our Banjo manufacturer page on dultmeier.com. We hope you enjoyed this manufacturer highlight. Stop back any time!

Wheat Market - From Then to Now

If you have had your finger anywhere close to the agricultural market in the past few years you know it is somewhat depressed. Especially, since we hit highs for corn around $7/bu back in 2013. This was such a rapid incline in grain prices that it somewhat threw the markets out of balance. Anyone that has remotely studied markets is familiar with the pendulum effect. If a market swings drastically in one direction, it is bound to swing back just as hard - if not harder - in the opposite direction.

This market effect could be potentially unfolding before our eyes this summer. Heat waves around the world are driving the price of wheat higher. Europe and Asia are seeing abnormal heat, which is burning up the wheat crop on these geographical regions. While the United States has seen heat as well - it hasn't necessarily been in wheat country. We live in a tremendously global market environment. The prices we see daily, are affected by what happens across the pond and all over the world.

European & Asian Wheat Farmers

Therefore, the distress that European and Asian farmers are currently experiencing is positively impacting the US wheat farmer. Simple supply and demand is causing this increase in the wheat market. Because there is less supply going into the market place from our European and Asian competitors, their 2018 wheat crop is expected to be less than the forecast. Whenever there is a shortage in a market, the commodity begins to increase in price. The less you have of something the more valuable it becomes.

Russia, Ukraine, France, and Great Britain are all European countries which have wheat farmers that are being negatively impacted by the 2018 heat waves. On August 2nd, Chicago wheat futures hit three-year highs to around $5.50/bu (The Wall Street Journal).

A Look Back into History

Looking at an aggregate chart of wheat prices since 1960, we can see fairly large market clips occurring about every seven to ten years. On average, these pullbacks are about 50% down from the high. The most recent high was back in December of 2007 at just under $12/bu. We seem to have found a level of support at roughly $4/bu. Currently, we are sitting at a $5/bu.

Wheat Prices Since 1960, Source: www.macrotrends.net

Looking at historical trends it appears as though wheat prices are on the up-and-up. It seems that the market has found a much more agreeable level of support. I say 'agreeable' since one can clearly see the higher lows met with higher highs in 2016-2018. We did not see this back in 2010-2012 failed rally. The market wasn't ready to correct and thus we were sent into a further recession.

Now, it seems the market is posed to regain the losses from 2012. Where we have seen about a 57% clip in the price of wheat - to the low in August of 2016.

Sometimes markets require a little extra push or catalyst to take off. A shortage in supply can absolutely be that catalyst. The US is positioned well in the current global wheat market and pose to reap the rewards of healthy crops.

Is an Increase in Wheat Futures a Certainty?

Now, we must acknowledge the tariff war and how that could potentially affect US wheat farmers. China has imposed tariffs on American grain and oil-seed imports. If we could look at wheat prices in a vacuum, one would say the US wheat farmer is posed to prosper over the next few years. The global supply and demand issues we addressed above, along with the technical analysis of the chart presented above both suggest this is the case. However, trade wars generally don't impact the farm market in a beneficial manner. It's difficult to say what is going to happen but all things aside - wheat looks posed to make a run.

As always we hope you find this post to be informative and educational. You may ask yourself how Dultmeier Salescomes into play in the wheat market. We offer a wide product selection to help enable producers plant, fertilize, and protect their crops through herbicide/fungicide applications. Check out our Agricultural Division page here. Stop back soon!

Intro to Tuthill

In this month's Manufacturer of the Month highlight we showcase Fill-Rite.  The long-standing, reliable 'Red Pump' has been an industry staple for years.  When someone sees a red fuel pump in the field they quickly recognize the Fill-Rite brand.  Our primary connection with Fill-Rite is in the petroleum and fuel delivery industries that we serve.  Let's dive a little deeper into the history of this wonderful brand.

The Inception of the Tuthill Gear Pump

The inception of this company dates all the way back to 1892 in Chicago, IL.  An industry dilemma of construction material supply sparked the creation of Tuthill Pump Company.  James B. Tuthill needed to come up with a way to efficiently transfer clay from deep in the quarries to supply the rapidly expanding Chicago urban development industry.  His invention to solve this supply issue was a steam-powered truck engine.

However, a critical component that truly paved the future for Tuthill was the small gear pump that injected fuel oil directly into the truck boiler.  As Tuthill refined the pump design he began to market it to companies that produced oil-fired boilers for use in residential and industrial heating.  Then, in 1927 the Tuthill Pump Company was formed by James B. Tuthill and Gary B. Tuthill.  The sole purpose of this venture was to manufacture and sell lube/oil burner pumps.  The Tuthill internal gear pump was widely accepted by the marketplace and opened the doors to what is the present-day Tuthill Corporation.

Fill-Rite - A Brand is Born

In 1961 Tuthill acquired Ossian Engineering Company.  This acquisition resulted in the introduction of the Fill-Rite brand of fuel and metering products.  Since the early 1960s the Fill-Rite brand has been a leader in the fuel/oil transfer industry.  Innovation, ruggedness, quality, and reliability are all synonymous with the Fill-Rite name.  Tuthill Transfer Systems broke ground on their state-of-the art production facility in Fort Wayne, IN in 1995.  This facility continues to serve as a world-class production facility, to this day.

Then, in 1998 the Fill-Rite brand was grown even further with the addition of Fluid Power Products, Inc.  While offering an extremely reliable and efficient way to move and transfer petroleum based products - more was deemed necessary.  It only made sense to offer an ancillary product line where the solutions could be accurately measured, in addition to being efficiently transferred.  Today, this product line is now known as Fill-Rite Precision Meters.  The expansion of the Fill-Rite brand extends the capabilities of fuel pumps by offering highly accurate weights and measurement metering systems.  You can view our manufacturer's page on Fill-Rite meters here.

Innovation Continued in Fuel Delivery

This past year, Fill-Rite has continued to offer new products that ensure its name stays at the top of the pack in petroleum-based product transfer applications.  We want to point out the NX3200 Series pump with Nextec Intelligence.  This pump can be operated in either 12V or 24V DC with a continuous duty motor - the first of its kind.  This highly efficient pump produces 25 GPM with an extremely low amp draw.  Furthermore, Intelligent Tones inform operators when attention is needed.

Innovation Continued in DEF Delivery

Furthermore, Fill-Rite has offered a new Diesel Exhaust Fuel (DEF) delivery package in the past year.  The AdBlue Pump System allows for efficient transfer of DEF.  The bracket allows the pump to be mounted directly over a IBC shuttle valve on a cage tank.  This pump package can produce 8 GPM.  It is available in either 12 Volt or 120 Volt  options.  You can view a 120 Volt package here and a 12 Volt package here.

A long and fruitful relationship has allowed us to reach this point in our partnership and we are looking forward to many more years together.  You can view our Fill-Rite Pump page here to shop the various Fill-Rite pump products that we offer.  Fill-Rite meters can be viewed here.  We sincerely hope that you enjoyed this Manufacturer of the Month highlight and look forward to visiting in the future.

We are your Experts in Delivering Fluid Handling Services.  Remember, at Dultmeier Sales - We Know Flow.

Markets Served by GPI Brands

GPI products are heavily used in the petroleum and oil transfer industries. Furthermore, they serve in agricultural, industrial, chemical handling, construction, mining, and many other markets. Great Plains Industries is home to the GPI, FLOMEC, and GRPO brands.

Where the Products are Made

Great Plains Industries' products are produced in the heart of the Midwest - Kansas. At their Witchita headquarters, more than 200 employees help manufacture GPI products. In 2013, the company acquired Trimec Industries of Sydney, Australia. Trimec, now called GPI Australia, is one of the top Australian manufacturers of positive displacement oval gear, insertion and impeller flow meters. Both Great Plains Industries and Great Plains Industries Australia are recognized and known for rugged engineering and durability.

Dultmeier Sales inventories and offers a wide array of GPI product lines, From rotary pumps to either 12V or 115V options to a multitude of meters. Additionally, we inventory some GPI oil and lube pumps.

GPI's strong work ethic is evident throughout a long-standing heritage - one of commitment to serving their customers and exceeding expectations. The business is family owned, and this fact continues to play heavily into their customer focus mentality.

Flexible Manufacturing System

Recently, Great Plains Industries has embarked on a number of manufacturing technology improvements. For example, the Flexible Manufacturing System project has allowed the company to achieve greater efficiency, production capacity, and higher quality control. CEO Vic Lukic stated, "Innovation is key for GPI and these capital investments create tremendous value for us as a supplier, but more importantly for our distributors and their customers."

"We continually improve processes and examine new and better ways of producing our products," said Jeff Methe, Operations Manager. By continually improving their processes, Great Plains Industries can ensure a commitment to improving efficiencies, reducing waste, and lowering costs - all to better serve their customers around the world.

You can shop GPI products on dultmeier.com or give us a ring Monday through Friday (7:30 am to 5 pm Central Time). Check out our GPI Manufacturer page right here. Enjoy!